Changes in the prevalence of subgingival enteric rods, staphylococci and yeasts after treatment with penicillin and erythromycin

Helovuo, Hilkka; Hakkarainen, Kati; Paunio, Keijo

doi:10.1111/j.1399-302x.1993.tb00548.x

Cited by 93 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Antimicrobial drugs and the immune deficiency are a way to the periodontal tissues colonization by non-oral organisms such as enteric rods. Moreover, they also give environmental conditions to the oral opportunistic microbiota, such as C. albicans (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of yeasts, enterococci and other enteric bacteria in subgingival biofilm of HIV-positive patients with chronic gingivitis and necrotizing periodontitis

Júnior¹,

Nakano²,

Wahasugui³

et al. 2008

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of enteric bacteria and yeasts in biofilm of 80 HIV-positive patients with plaque-associated gingivitis or necrotizing periodontitis. Patients were subjected to extra, intra oral and radiographic examinations. The oral hygiene, bleeding on probing, gingival conditions, and attachment loss were evaluated. Clinical specimens were collected from gingival crevices or periodontal pockets, transferred to VMGA III, diluted and transferred to Sabouraud Dextrose agar with 100 μg/ml of chloramphenicol, peptone water, EVA broth, EMB agar, SS agar, Bile esculin agar and Brilliant green agar. Isolation of yeasts was carried out at room temperature, for 3-7 days; and for the isolation of enteric microorganisms plates were incubated at 37ºC, for 24-48 h. The yeasts identification was performed according to the carbon and nitrogen assimilation, fermentation of carbohydrates and germ tube formation. Bacteria were identified according to their colonial and cellular morphologies and biochemical tests. Yeasts were identified as Candida albicans and its occurrence was more common in patients with CD4+ below 200/mm 3 and was affected by the extension of periodontal involvement (P = 0.0345). Enteric bacteria recovered from clinical specimens were identified as Enterobacter sakazakii, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia liquefaciens, Klebsiella oxytoca and Enterococcus sp. Enterobacteriaceae and enterococci were detected in 32.5% of clinical samples from patients with necrotizing periodontitis. In conclusion, non-oral pathogenic bacteria and C. albicans were more prevalent in periodontal sites of HIV-positive patients with necrotizing periodontitis and chronic gingivitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of yeasts, enterococci and other enteric bacteria in subgingival biofilm of HIV-positive patients with chronic gingivitis and necrotizing periodontitis

Júnior¹,

Nakano²,

Wahasugui³

et al. 2008

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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“…In one report, 10 of 24 patients receiving penicillin developed periodontal abscesses (Helovuo et al, 1993). The prevalence of coagulase-positive staphylococci increased significantly following penicillin therapy, and the prevalence of subgingival Gram-negative enteric rods increased after systemic erythromycin therapy.…”

Section: (D) Diagnosis Of An Anaerobic Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several plaque species produce betalactamases (Legg and Wilson, 1990;van Winkelhoff et al, 1997), and this enzyme is detectable in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) , suggesting the presence of penicillin-resistant organisms. Periodontal abscesses have been reported when patients with periodontal disease were treated with penicillin for medical reasons (Helovuo et al, 1993;Topoll et al, 1990). The combination of metronidazole and amoxicillin was chosen for some clinical studies because A. actinomycetemcomitans was sensitive to this combination of agents in vitro (Pavicic et al, 1992).…”

Section: (D) Diagnosis Of An Anaerobic Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antimicrobial Treatment of Periodontal Disease: Changing the Treatment Paradigm

Loesche

1999

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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Over the last 100 years, methods of surgical periodontal treatment have enjoyed a history of success in improving oral health. The paradigm of care is based on the "non-specific plaque hypothesis"-that is, the overgrowth of bacterial plaques cause periodontal disease, and the suppression of this overgrowth reduces disease risk. The central feature of this approach to care is the removal of inflamed gingival tissue around the teeth to reduce periodontal pocket depth, thereby facilitating plaque removal by the dentist and by the patient at home. Over the last 30 years, with the recognition that periodontal disease(s) is caused by specific bacteria and that specific antimicrobial agents can reduce or eliminate the infection, a second paradigm has developed. This new paradigm, the "specific plaque hypothesis", focuses on reducing the specific bacteria that cause periodontal attachment loss. The contrast between the two paradigms can be succinctly stated as follows: The antimicrobial therapy reduces the cause, while the surgical therapy reduces the result of the periodontal infection. The specific plaque hypothesis has two important implications. First, with the increasing attention to evidence-based models for prevention, treatment, outcome assessment, and reimbursement of care, increasing attention and financial effort will be channeled into effective preventive and treatment methods. Second, the recent observations that periodontal infections increase the risk of specific systemic health problems, such as cardiovascular disease, argue for the prevention and elimination of these periodontal infections. This review highlights some of the evidence for the specific plaque hypothesis, and the questions that should be addressed if antimicrobial agents are to be used responsively and effectively.

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“…are usual in the human oral microbiota. However, in some situations, as in patients with periodontitis under systemic administration of penicillin and erythromycin, they can act as opportunistic microorganims and produce superinfection (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Staphylococcus spp. and Candida spp. in the human oral cavity

Martins¹,

Koga‐Ito²,

Jorge³

2002

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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The presence of yeasts and staphylococci in the oral cavity is important because they can act as supplementary microbiota and in certain situations can cause oral or systemic diseases. The aim of this work was to study the prevalence of Candida spp. and Staphylococcus spp. in the human oral cavity. Oral rinses were collected from sixty-eight individuals according to the technique described by Samaranayake and MacFarlane and then cultured on Sabouraud medium supplemented with chloramphenicol and Baird-Parker agar. After the incubation period, the microorganisms were isolated and identified through biochemical tests. The data obtained were statistically analysed by ANOVA. Candida spp. were isolated from 61.76% of the examined individuals and C. albicans was the more frequently isolated specie. Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from 95.60% of the individuals and 41 strains were coagulase negative (63%). Among the coagulase positive strains, nine were S. aureus, 11 S. hyicus and 4 S. schleiferi subspecie coagulans. No correlation was observed between the counts (cfu) of the isolated Candida spp. and Staphylococcus spp.

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Changes in the prevalence of subgingival enteric rods, staphylococci and yeasts after treatment with penicillin and erythromycin

Cited by 93 publications

References 14 publications

Occurrence of yeasts, enterococci and other enteric bacteria in subgingival biofilm of HIV-positive patients with chronic gingivitis and necrotizing periodontitis

Occurrence of yeasts, enterococci and other enteric bacteria in subgingival biofilm of HIV-positive patients with chronic gingivitis and necrotizing periodontitis

The Antimicrobial Treatment of Periodontal Disease: Changing the Treatment Paradigm

Presence of Staphylococcus spp. and Candida spp. in the human oral cavity

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