Changes in the prevalence and social distribution of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in India

Corsi, Daniel J.

doi:10.1136/heartasia-2017-010947

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…Age [3], gender [3], smoking [4], socioeconomic status [5], physical activity [6], education [7], obesity [8], dyslipidemia [9], hypertension [10], and diabetes [11] are previously well established CHD associated factors. Monitoring and managing these risk factors can reduce CHD mortality and morbidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of coronary heart disease risk factors in central Iran: a 10-year cohort study

Hassanabadi

Mirjalili

Marques‐Vidal³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background As a result of its unique lifestyle, culture, and genetic characteristics, central Iran exhibits differences in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor prevalence and impact. Therefore, investigating the epidemiology of CHD risk factors and their effects on CHD events in this region is of particular significance. Methods Two-thousand participants of a community-based Iranian population, aged 20–74 years, were investigated with a mean follow-up of 9.9 years (range: 7.6 to 12.2). An analysis of Cox regression was conducted to determine the association between CHD development and classic risk factors like age, gender, smoking, socioeconomic status, physical activity, education, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. For risk factors and protective factors, attributed risk percentages and absolute risk reductions were calculated. Results After a follow-up period of nearly 10 years, a total of 225 CHD events were reported, accounting for 14.5% of the participants. Most participants had more than one risk factor. Age was the most critical risk factor. In comparison to females, male gender had a HR of 1.45 (CI: 1.11–1.90, p-value = 0.006) for developing CHD. Socioeconomic status and BMI were not significantly associated with CHD. Nearly 80% of the patients had dyslipidemia with a hazard ratio of 2.19 (CI: 1.40–3.44, p = 0.01). Hypertension with prevalence of 28.9% and pre-hypertension with prevalence of 52% were significant risk factors. Diabetes with a prevalence of 19.76% had a HR of 2.70 (CI: 2.07–3.53), but pre-diabetes was not significantly associated with CHD. Awareness of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension were 81%, 27.9%, and 48.1%, respectively. Regarding medication usage, the corresponding percentages were 51% for diabetes, 13.2% for dyslipidemia, and 41% for hypertension. Conclusions Compared to neighboring countries and other parts of the world, classical CHD risk factors are highly prevalent in Iran. This can prompt Iranian healthcare policy makers to change their strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of coronary heart disease risk factors in central Iran: a 10-year cohort study

Hassanabadi

Mirjalili

Marques‐Vidal³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The interaction between district-level development and individual-level socioeconomic gradients of cardiovascular disease risk factors in India: A cross-sectional study of 2.4 million adults

Jung

Neve

Chen

et al. 2019

Social Science & Medicine

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Coronary Artery Disease Incidence, Risk Factors, Awareness, and Medication Utilization in a 10-Year Cohort Study

hassanabadi,

Mirjalili,

Marques-Vidal

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: There is a substantial disparity in coronary artery disease (CAD) burden between Iran and other nations that place a strong emphasis on the assessment of CAD risk factors and individuals' awareness and ability to control them. Methods: Two-thousand participants of a community-based Iranian population aged 20-74 years, were investigated with a mean follow-up of 9.9 years (range: 7.6 to 12.2). An analysis of Cox regression was conducted to determine the association between CAD development and classic risk factors like age, gender, smoking, physical activity, education, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. We calculated attributed risk percent and absolute risk reductions for risk factors and protective factors. Results: After a follow-up period of nearly 10 years, a total of 225 CAD events were reported, constituting 14.5% of the overall incidences. Nighty three percent of participants had more than one risk factor. Age was the most predictive risk factor with a hazard ratio (HR) and confidence interval (CI) of 5.56 (3.87-7.97, p <0.001) in men older than 45 and female older than 55 compared to lower ages. In comparison to females, male gender had (HR) of 1.45 (CI: 1.11-1.90, p-value=0.006) for developing CAD. Nearly 80% of the patients had dyslipidemia with a hazard ratio of 2.19 (CI: 1.40-3.44, p=0.01). Among the participants, 28.9% had hypertension, and 52% had prehypertension, which had a HR of 4.1 (2.4-7.2, p <0.001) and 2.4 (1.4-4.2, p < 0.001) respectively. Diabetes with a prevalence of 17% had a HR of 2.63 (CI: 2 -3.47, p < 0.001), but pre-diabetes was not significantly associated with CAD. Awareness of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension were 81%, 27.9%, and 48.1%, respectively. Regarding medication usage, the corresponding percentages were 51% for diabetes, 13.2% for dyslipidemia, and 41% for hypertension. Conclusions: Compared to previous studies in Iran and neighboring countries, the current study found a higher incidence of CAD, more prevalent risk factors, lower awareness and ability to control these risk factors. Thus, an effective preventive strategy is needed to reduce the CAD burden in Iran.

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Changes in the prevalence and social distribution of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in India

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Epidemiology of coronary heart disease risk factors in central Iran: a 10-year cohort study

Epidemiology of coronary heart disease risk factors in central Iran: a 10-year cohort study

The interaction between district-level development and individual-level socioeconomic gradients of cardiovascular disease risk factors in India: A cross-sectional study of 2.4 million adults

Coronary Artery Disease Incidence, Risk Factors, Awareness, and Medication Utilization in a 10-Year Cohort Study

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