Changes in the Plasma Level of Protein-Bound Iodine in the Young Calf

Lewis, Robert C.; Ralston, N.P.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(53)91504-5

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Respiration rates showed the same trend, falling from a value of 45 respirations/min on the 1st day of life to 22-25 by the end of the 3rd week. This pattern was similar to that found by Lewis & Ralston (1953) for the concentration of plasma-proteinbound iodine in the calf.As it is well known that the heat production of an animal is roughly proportional to its pulse rate, it seemed necessary to investigate whether this relationship was valid in the very young calf. If such a relationship did exist, it would indicate that the maintenance requirement of the calf during the first 2 weeks of life was considerably higher than during the 3rd week.…”

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confidence: 73%

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The basal metabolism of the newborn calf

Roy¹,

Huffman

Reineke

1957

Br J Nutr

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T h e first measurements of the basal metabolism of the young calf were reported by Brody (1930), who used the indirect calorimetric method of measuring oxygen consumption by means of a closed-circuit spirometer. Determinations were made on forty-three calves of less than 3 weeks of age but most of the values obtained were restricted to ages of 10-21 days. No definite trends during the first 3 weeks of life were observed and with two calves values obtained on consecutive days from birth showed a high variability. Brody concluded, from a consideration of mean heat production at monthly intervals, that resting metabolism/kg body-weight increased from birth to 2 months of age and decreased rapidly thereafter. When expressed on the basis of body-surface area, however, metabolism increased steadily to 6 months of age and then remained constant or tended to decline. Recently, Hawkins, Pope, Roy, Shillam, Ingram & Greatorex (1957) have shown a marked change in pulse and respiration rate during the first 3 weeks of life of calves given 400 ml. separated colostrum followed by whole milk at the rate of I lb./Io lb. live weight and growing normally under the conditions of low ' infection' reported by Roy, Palmer, Shillam, Ingram & Wood (1955). The mean pulse rate of forty-four calves, which was about 110 beatslmin on the 1st day of life, fell rapidly during the 1st week and then more slowly to the value of 75-80 by the end of the 3rd week. Respiration rates showed the same trend, falling from a value of 45 respirations/min on the 1st day of life to 22-25 by the end of the 3rd week. This pattern was similar to that found by Lewis & Ralston (1953) for the concentration of plasma-proteinbound iodine in the calf.As it is well known that the heat production of an animal is roughly proportional to its pulse rate, it seemed necessary to investigate whether this relationship was valid in the very young calf. If such a relationship did exist, it would indicate that the maintenance requirement of the calf during the first 2 weeks of life was considerably higher than during the 3rd week.

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supporting

confidence: 73%

supporting

confidence: 73%

The basal metabolism of the newborn calf

Roy¹,

Huffman

Reineke

1957

Br J Nutr

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“…Neonatal thyroidal hyperactivity and(or) hyperthyroxinemia also have been observed in newborn pigs, calves, and lambs, species in which hypothalamic-pituitary integration is well developed at birth (35)(36)(37). In the rabbit and rat, however, species in which adult integration of hypothalamic-pituitary function is delayed 14-16 days, neonatal thyroid stimulation is less marked (37,38).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Acute release of thyrotropin in the newborn

Fisher¹,

Odell²

1969

J. Clin. Invest.

227

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A B S T R A C T Measurements of serum thyrotropin(TSH) concentrations were conducted in maternal and fetal blood during labor and delivery and the early postnatal and neonatal periods. Mean TSH concentration was significantly higher in cord blood (9.5 AU/ml) than maternal blood (3.9 /U/ml), a finding suggesting a fetalmaternal TSH gradient at term. Serum TSH concentration in the newborn increased rapidly to mean levels of 60 AU/ml at 10 min and 86 AU/ml at 30 min of age.Between 30 min and 3-4 hr serum levels decreased rapidly, then fell more gradually to a mean concentration of 13 AU/ml at 48 hr. The half-time of the decrease in serum TSH concentration between 30 and 90 min was 77 min, a value slightly greater than the half-time of disappearance of radioiodinated TSH measured in adults. This indicates that the early high rate of TSH secretion in the newborn ceases by 30 min, and that the rapid rise and fall in serum TSH concentrations may represent release of stored pituitary TSH. A more chronic TSH hypersecretion persisted throughout the first 24-48 hr of extrauterine life. Measurements of serum PBI concentrations were conducted in a separate group of maternal and cord blood samples and in the newborn infants during the first 48 hr of extrauterine life to relate the TSH and serum hormonal iodine concentration changes. Serum protein-bound iodine (PBI) concentrations were similar in maternal and cord blood, increased significantly by 4 hr of age in the newborn, and peaked at about 24 hr, presumably in response to the TSH hypersecretion. The pattern of TSH hypersecretion was similar in infants delivered vaginally and by caesarean section. Maternal serum TSH concentrations were stable throughout the perinatal period. Warming the infants at 99-103'F during the first 3 hr of life did not prevent the early, acute release of thyrotropin. Cooling of warm infants at room temperature (72-780F) between 3 and 4 hr resulted in a decrease in mean rectal temperature of 3.3XF and produced a significant increment in serum TSH concentration. These data suggest

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“…and thyroxine measured by a method which is specific for thyroxine is important. Lewis & Ralston (1953) demonstrated a very high level of P.B.I. in colostrum and the P.B.I.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Lewis & Ralston, 1953), and for plasma thyroxine estimated directly (Nathanielsz, 1969b). Plasma thyroxine values in the new-born foal (measured by the method used in this report) are also high (18-0 /sg/100 ml.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroxine utilization in the new‐born lamb

Nathanielsz¹

1970

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. From previous studies on foetal thyroid function in various mammalian species it would appear that the foetal pituitary-thyroid axis is capable of function before birth. Few studies are available to indicate the level of function before birth and in the immediate post-natal period.2. Plasma thyroxine levels, thyroxine pool and utilization rate of thyroxine have been followed in new-born Welsh mountain lambs from birth to 39 days of age.3. Plasma thyroxine levels are high within the first hour of life after birth (18-2 + 2-0 jug/100 ml.) and fall steadily to a minimum of 5-1 + 1-1 on day 11 and 12 of post-natal life. Thereafter they fluctuate about a mean of 6 1 jug/100 ml. The significance of these changes is discussed in respect to foetal thyroxine levels, placental permeability to thyroxine, and foetal and neonatal thyroid and pituitary function.4. Thyroxine utilization rate is high both in absolute terms and relative to unit body weight on days 1-4 of post-natal life. The utilization rate/kg remains fairly constant from days 10-39 of post-natal life.5. Thyroxine utilization in the new-born lamb is compared with that in the new-born calf in which the post-natal growth curve is very different.6. The various factors such as levels of free thyroxine, diet and environmental changes which influence thyroxine utilization are discussed and the rate of utilization is compared with other indices of thyroid function in new-born and adult animals of different species.

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Changes in the Plasma Level of Protein-Bound Iodine in the Young Calf

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

The basal metabolism of the newborn calf

The basal metabolism of the newborn calf

Acute release of thyrotropin in the newborn

Thyroxine utilization in the new‐born lamb

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