Changes in the nuclei of differentiating endoderm cells as revealed by nuclear transplantation

Briggs, Robert; King, Thomas J.

doi:10.1002/jmor.1051000204

Cited by 166 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our data show that many factors may contribute to altered gene expression including faulty reprogramming after NT and epigenetic errors inherited from the specific type of donor nucleus. These results are consistent with NT experiments in amphibians, in which the differentiation status of the donor cell has been shown to affect the developmental potential of cloned animals (30)(31)(32)(33)(34). The data presented here indicate that highly variable gene expression, observed previously for a limited number of genes in both amphibian (34) and mammalian clones (14,15,35), affects much of the genome and further emphasizes that many changes are tolerated during cellular differentiation and even in surviving clones.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Abnormal gene expression in cloned mice derived from embryonic stem cell and cumulus cell nuclei

Humpherys

Eggan

Akutsu

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

368

229

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To assess the extent of abnormal gene expression in clones, we assessed global gene expression by microarray analysis on RNA from the placentas and livers of neonatal cloned mice derived by nuclear transfer (NT) from both cultured embryonic stem cells and freshly isolated cumulus cells. Direct comparison of gene expression profiles of more than 10,000 genes showed that for both donor cell types Ϸ4% of the expressed genes in the NT placentas differed dramatically in expression levels from those in controls and that the majority of abnormally expressed genes were common to both types of clones. Importantly, however, the expression of a smaller set of genes differed between the embryonic stem cell-and cumulus cell-derived clones. The livers of the cloned mice also showed abnormal gene expression, although to a lesser extent, and with a different set of affected genes, than seen in the placentas. Our results demonstrate frequent abnormal gene expression in clones, in which most expression abnormalities appear common to the NT procedure whereas others appear to reflect the particular donor nucleus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Abnormal gene expression in cloned mice derived from embryonic stem cell and cumulus cell nuclei

Humpherys

Eggan

Akutsu

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

368

229

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“…Using nuclei from frog blastomeres, Briggs and King demonstrated that the nuclei could be reprogrammed to a zygotic state and could generate early cleavage embryos when transplanted into enucleated oocytes (Briggs and King, 1952). Later, they used frog cells from several stages of embryonic develop-ment as donors to determine whether these cells still retain the same developmental potential as the zygote (Briggs and King, 1957). Of interest, they observed a gradual decline in cloning efficiency with increased donor cell differentiation.…”

Section: Mammalian Nuclear Transfer: Selected Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian nuclear transfer

Meissner

Jaenisch

2006

Developmental Dynamics

112

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During development, the genetic content of each cell remains, with a few exceptions, identical to that of the zygote. Differentiated cells, therefore, retain all the genetic information necessary to generate an entire organism (nuclear totipotency). Nuclear transfer (NT) was initially developed to test experimentally this concept by cloning animals from differentiated cells. It has, since then, been used to study the role of genetic and epigenetic alterations during development and disease. In this review, we highlight some of the milestones in mammalian NT reached in the 50 years after the first nuclear transplantations in frogs. We also address problems associated with mammalian nuclear transfer and provide a survey on current NT and stem cell technology. In the long term, nuclear transfer or alternative strategies aim to generate customized pluripotent cells, which would be invaluable to medical research and therapy. Developmental Dynamics 235: 2460 -2469, 2006.

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“…Their study covered a developmental period much later than that concerned in the present experiment however. Of particular interest are the observations of Briggs and King, of a loss of totipotency of the nuclei during gastrulation in the frog embryo (6). The regulation or reflection of developmental potency by the nuclear histones remains an enticing possibility.…”

Section: Figure 1~mentioning

confidence: 99%

CHANGES IN NUCLEAR HISTONES DURING FERTILIZATION, AND EARLY EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE PULMONATE SNAIL, Helix aspersa

Bloch

Hew

1960

The Journal of Cell Biology

140

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A B S T R A C TCalf thymus histones comprising two fractions, one rich in lysine, the other having roughly equal amounts of lysine and arginine, Loligo testes histones rich in arginine, and salmine, are compared with respect to their amino acid compositions, and their staining properties when the proteins are fixed on filter paper. The three types of basic proteins; somatic, arginine-rich spermatid histones, and protamine can be distinguished on the following basis. Somatic and testicular histones stain with fast green or bromphenol blue under the same conditions used for specific staining of histones in tissue preparations. The former histones lose most or all of their stainability after deamination or acetylation. Staining of the arginine-rich testicular histones remains relatively unaffected by this treatment. Protamines do not stain with fast green after treatment with hot trichloracetic acid, but are stained by bromphenol blue or eosin after treatment with picric acid. These methods provide a means fm the characterization of nuclear basic proteins in situ. Their application to the early developmental stages of Helix aspersa show the following: After fertilization the protamine of the sperm is lost, and is replaced by faintly basic histones which differ from adult histones in their inability to bind fast green, and from protamines, by both their inability to bind eosin, and their weakly positive reaction with bromphenol blue. These "cleavage" histones are found in the male and female pronuclei, the early polar body chromosomes, and the nuclei of the cleaving egg and morula stages. During gastrulation, the histone complement reverts to a type as yet indistinguishable from that of adult somatic cells.

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Changes in the nuclei of differentiating endoderm cells as revealed by nuclear transplantation

Cited by 166 publications

References 16 publications

Abnormal gene expression in cloned mice derived from embryonic stem cell and cumulus cell nuclei

Abnormal gene expression in cloned mice derived from embryonic stem cell and cumulus cell nuclei

Mammalian nuclear transfer

CHANGES IN NUCLEAR HISTONES DURING FERTILIZATION, AND EARLY EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE PULMONATE SNAIL, Helix aspersa

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