“…To acknowledge the motivational impact of various learning experiences, Dörnyei (2009) also includes L2 learning experience as a key motivational component in his L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS). While most existing studies center on how L2 motivation can be influenced by classroom learning experiences (e.g., Piniel & Csizér, 2015;Waninge, Dörnyei, & Bot, 2014), a growing body of research has investigated the motivational power of L2 learning experiences in SA (e.g., Li, 2017). The empirical studies reveal wide individual variation in the impact of sojourn experiences on L2 motivation: some students greatly enhanced their motivation, whereas others became demotivated to learn and use the L2 (Allen, 2010;Irie & Ryan, 2015;Kormos, Csizér, & Iwaniec, 2014).…”