Changes in the Microbiome of the Inner Surface of Clear Aligners After Different Usage Periods

Yan, Dong; Liu, Yi; Che, Xin; Mi, Sicong; Yao, Jiao; Guo, Lijia; Li, Song

doi:10.1007/s00284-020-02308-5

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Fixed Appliance Treatment (FAT) has been the most traditional and effective orthodontic therapy for over a hundred years [ 2 ], but in the last decades the demand for a more aesthetic and comfortable treatment has significantly increased [ 1 ] and a growing number of patients seek Clear Aligners Treatment (CAT) [ 3 ]. Unlike the conventional FAT that consists of fixed placement of the orthodontic brackets directly on the tooth surface [ 1 ], CAT includes a series of removable plastic aligners covering the entire tooth surface [ 4 ]. In the literature, the influence of orthodontic appliances on the local environment [ 5 ] has been largely reported: in fact, foreign surfaces, such as multibracket devices or aligners, decrease natural self-cleansing by the saliva and the tongue [ 1 ] and represent an ideal substrate for bacterial adhesion that make oral hygiene more difficult [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike the conventional FAT that consists of fixed placement of the orthodontic brackets directly on the tooth surface [ 1 ], CAT includes a series of removable plastic aligners covering the entire tooth surface [ 4 ]. In the literature, the influence of orthodontic appliances on the local environment [ 5 ] has been largely reported: in fact, foreign surfaces, such as multibracket devices or aligners, decrease natural self-cleansing by the saliva and the tongue [ 1 ] and represent an ideal substrate for bacterial adhesion that make oral hygiene more difficult [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taxonomic Analysis of Oral Microbiome during Orthodontic Treatment

Campobasso

Muzio

Battista

et al. 2021

International Journal of Dentistry

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Background. Orthodontic appliances induce significant changes in the oral microbiome, but this shift in microbial composition has not been well established by the available evidence yet. Objectives. To perform a systematic review of existing literature in order to assess the taxonomic microbial changes in orthodontic patients during Fixed Appliance Treatment (FAT) and Clear Aligner Treatment (CAT), using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Search Methods and Selection Criteria. The search for articles was carried out in PubMed, including articles published in English until May 2021. They included every human study report potentially relevant to the review. Data Collection and Analysis. After duplicate study selection and data extraction procedures according to the PICOS scheme, the methodological quality of the included papers was assessed by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies (SBU) method. Results. The initial search identified 393 articles, 74 of which were selected by title and abstract. After full-text reading, six articles were selected according to inclusion criteria. The evidence quality for all the studies was moderate. Conclusions. Orthodontic treatment seems to transiently affect the composition of subgingival microbiome, although not salivary, maintaining a stable microbial diversity. Different results were found in the shift of microbiome between plaque and saliva, depending on the type of orthodontic treatment. This review should be interpreted with some caution because of the number, quality, and heterogeneity of the included studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic Analysis of Oral Microbiome during Orthodontic Treatment

Campobasso

Muzio

Battista

et al. 2021

International Journal of Dentistry

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“…There is a lack of studies rigorously designed to examine changes in the oral microbiota associated with removable orthodontic therapy; furthermore, a lot of heterogeneity was observed in the identified studies; therefore, further research is needed on this topic [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Removable Orthodontic Appliances on Oral Microbiota: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Background (1): Removable orthodontic appliances may favor plaque accumulation and oral microbe colonization. This might be associated with intraoral adverse effects on enamel or periodontal tissues. The proposed systematic review was carried out to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the microbiological changes occurring during orthodontic therapy with removable orthodontic appliances. Methods (2): PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid Medline, and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source were searched. The research included every article published up to January 2020. The Preferred Reporting Items for Reporting Systematic reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and the "Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies" (SBU) method were adopted to conduct this systematic review. Results (3): The current study has a moderate evidence, demonstrating that removable appliances do influence the oral microbiota. Significant alterations occur just 15 days after the beginning of therapy, independently from the type of appliance. Furthermore, the levels of oral pathogens decrease significantly or even returned to pre-treatment levels several months later the therapy end. Conclusions (4): This review suggests that orthodontic treatment with removable appliances induces changes to oral microflora, but these alterations might not be permanent.

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“…36 It should be considered that patients who use removable appliances wear them for 20 hours per day, which theoretically prevent the gingival self-cleansing mechanisms, resulting in plaque accumulation in the gaps between the appliances and the teeth. 37 A pilot study comparing halitosis in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and removable aligners showed that patients with fixed appliances are more likely to have halitosis. 26 Another study that evaluated the impact of Invisalign ® treatment on oral health reported a slight increase in the VSC in this group of orthodontic patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some desirable characteristics are ease of removal during eating and drinking, better oral hygiene care and better aesthetic appearance 36 . It should be considered that patients who use removable appliances wear them for 20 hours per day, which theoretically could prevent the gingival self‐cleansing mechanisms, resulting in plaque accumulation in the gaps between the appliances and the teeth 37 . A pilot study comparing halitosis in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and removable aligners showed that patients with fixed appliances are more likely to have halitosis 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐perceived halitosis among young adults undergoing orthodontic treatment

Banjar

Hassan

Alyafi

et al. 2021

Int J Dental Hygiene

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Halitosis is a common condition disturbing a significant number of people worldwide. 1,2 Overall, the occurrence of this problem is high and has a substantial impact on the quality of life of the affected individuals. In addition, patients suffering from halitosis may display avoidance behaviours due to social insecurities and fear of rejection. [3][4][5] The aetiology of halitosis is complex involving several oral and medical conditions. However, in the majority of cases, the oral cavity is responsible for the mouth malodour. Halitosis originating from the mouth is usually the result of microbial metabolism of the plaque biofilm. Bacterial niches such as the tongue surface,

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Changes in the Microbiome of the Inner Surface of Clear Aligners After Different Usage Periods

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Taxonomic Analysis of Oral Microbiome during Orthodontic Treatment

Taxonomic Analysis of Oral Microbiome during Orthodontic Treatment

The Effect of Removable Orthodontic Appliances on Oral Microbiota: A Systematic Review

Self‐perceived halitosis among young adults undergoing orthodontic treatment

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