Changes in the microbial population of a rumen-simulating fermenter in response to yeast culture

Newbold, C. J.; McIntosh, Freda M.; Wallace, R. J.

doi:10.4141/a97-086

Cited by 47 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Moreover, the listed components could also stimulate the growth of rumen bacteria, which are engulfed by ciliates and used as the main source of amino acids and some other nutrients (Wiliams and Coleman, 1992). On the other hand, our results agree partially with the findings of Newbold et al (1998) and Galip (2006), who reported that yeast supplemented to the ration decreased or did not affect the protozoa count. Conversely to the total protozoa count and that of ciliates from the genus Diplodinium, the population density of Isotricha sp.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Unfortunately, comparative studies with the use of the same host animals fed the same diet have been performed only sporadically. The results of such studies were published by Newbold et al (1998) and Lynch and Martin (2002). The data from these investigations pertain either to the effect of different preparations of live yeast cells or to the effect of live cells and their metabolites under conditions in vitro.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of live yeast, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, and their metabolites on ciliate fauna, fibrolytic and amylolytic activity, carbohydrate digestion and fermentation in the rumen of goats

Kowalik¹,

Michałowski²,

Pająk³

et al. 2011

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The influence of live Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and their metabolites on the number of ciliates and some fibrolytic and amylolytic enzymes, together with the effect on the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA), and disappearance of dry matter (DM) and structural carbohydrates in the rumen of three goats was examined. The control diet (1.2 kg DM·d -1 ) was composed of hay (63%), barley meal (31%), and soyabean meal (4%). Two experimental rations consisting of the same components supplemented with either live Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CNCM I-1077) cells or their metabolites (Diamond V XP). The additives were supplied at the rate of 3 and 25 g·d -1 , respectively. The experiment was carried out in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. Enrichment of the control diet with yeast metabolites increased (P<0.05) the total number of protozoa and the number of Diplodinium from 115 to 146×10 4 and from 2.5 to 6×10 4 ·g -1 digesta, respectively. Conversely, the number of representatives of the genus Isotricha decreased over eightfold regardless of the additive used. The activity of carboxymethylocellulase was about 9.4 µM released reducing sugars·g -1 DM·min -1 irrespective of diet, whereas xylan digestion increased from 57.5 to 69.7 and 70.4 µM released reducing sugars·g -1 DM·min -1 when live yeast (P<0.05) or their metabolites (P<0.01) were added, respectively. On the other hand, amylolytic activity decreased from 58 to 50 µM released reducing (P<0.05) sugars·g -1 DM·min -1 when the control diet was supplemented with viable Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Live yeast cells increased the disappearance of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) from 38 to 44.7% after in sacco incubation of hay in the rumen for 16 h (P<0.05). The disappearance of neither DM nor acid detergent fibre was affected by the diet. Yeast metabolites decreased (P<0.01) total volatile fatty acids (VFA), whereas live yeast had no effect. Enrichment of the control diet with 527 KOWALIK B. ET AL.live yeast increased (P<0.05) the molar proportion of acetate from 62 to 64% of total VFA. Both additives elevated the molar proportion of butyrate from 10.5 to 11.9 and 11.3% of total VFA, respectively (P<0.05) and lowered that of propionate. The acetate/propionate ratio in the rumen of goats fed the control diet and the diet supplemented with either live yeast (P<0.01) or their metabolites (P<0.05) was 2.7, 3.1 and 2.9, respectively. The yeast metabolites increased ruminal pH from 6.5 to 6.7. No changes in acidity were found when live yeast were added.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of live yeast, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, and their metabolites on ciliate fauna, fibrolytic and amylolytic activity, carbohydrate digestion and fermentation in the rumen of goats

Kowalik¹,

Michałowski²,

Pająk³

et al. 2011

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…Because of a lack of absorption of SCFA in the Rusitec system, their pH-depressing effects are decreased by dilution. As reported by Newbold et al (1998), when testing soluble additives, it is necessary to add amounts of the additive that are calculated to give the required final concentration in the liquid phase rather than as a proportion of the feed. Thus, in our experiments, the proportions of yeast products added to the Rusitec vessels were up to 8.3% of the feed whereas these amounts would be equivalent to 0.3% or less in vivo.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hydrolysed yeasts on ruminal fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec)

Oeztuerk¹,

Emre²,

Breves³

2016

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of three different hydrolysed yeast products derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae [hydrolysed whole yeast (HWY), less hydrolysed whole yeast (LHWY), and yeast cell wall (YCW)] on microbial fermentation characteristics using the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) with three consecutive experiments. The Rusitec system consisted of six fermentation vessels. Each vessel received 5 g chopped meadow hay and 4 g concentrate (as-fed basis) daily for up to 22 days. Yeast products were added to the fermentation vessels at a concentration of 0.25 or 0.75 g/day. In most cases, ruminal microbial activity was stimulated by HWY and YCW, particularly at the 0.75 g/day level. HWY resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in ruminal pH and an increase (P < 0.05) in total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), acetate, propionate and methane productions, and an increase in NH 3 -N concentration when compared with the control values. Ruminal pH was not altered, but total SCFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and methane productions as well as NH 3 -N concentration increased (P < 0.05) in response to YCW treatment. Digestibility of organic matter was not significantly affected by either HWY or YCW. The effects of LHWY on ruminal fermentation characteristics were negligible. These results indicate that degree of hydrolysation (low or high) and composition of yeasts (whole cell or cell wall) have remarkable effects on ruminal microbial activity in the Rusitec system.

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“…Dead cells had no effect on lactate production. Moreover, stimulation of growth and metabolism of lactate-utilizing bacteria, such as Megasphaera elsdenii or Selenomonas ruminantium was observed in vitro in the presence of different live yeasts (ADY or YC) (Nisbet & Martin, 1991;Rossi et al, 1995;Chaucheyras et al, 1996;Newbold et al, 1998;Rossi et al, 2004) through a supply of different growth factors, such as amino acids, peptides, vitamins, and organic acids, essential for the lactate-fermenting bacteria. The impact of yeast probiotics on ruminal lactate concentration has been confirmed in several in vivo studies.…”

Section: Effects On Ruminal Ph and Acidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects and modes of action of live yeasts in the rumen

Fonty¹,

Chaucheyras‐Durand

2006

Biologia

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Live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) are more and more widely used as feed additives for ruminants. They are considered as allochtonous microorganisms in the rumen environment, however, distributed daily to dairy cows or beef cattle they can survive in the digestive tract and interact with autochtonous microbial populations. The positive effects of yeast cells have been mainly demonstrated on growth and activity of fibre-degrading bacteria and fungi, on stabilisation of rumen pH and prevention of lactate accumulation, on ruminal microbial colonization and on the set up of fermentative processes during the pre-weaning period. Modes of action of yeast probiotics depend on their viability and stability in the rumen ecosystem. Up to now, the main modes of action identified are the supply of growth factors to rumen microorganisms, oxygen scavenging inducing more favourable conditions for the anaerobic communities, and nutritional competition with autochtonous ruminal species.

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Changes in the microbial population of a rumen-simulating fermenter in response to yeast culture

Cited by 47 publications

References 19 publications

The effect of live yeast, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, and their metabolites on ciliate fauna, fibrolytic and amylolytic activity, carbohydrate digestion and fermentation in the rumen of goats

The effect of live yeast, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, and their metabolites on ciliate fauna, fibrolytic and amylolytic activity, carbohydrate digestion and fermentation in the rumen of goats

Effects of hydrolysed yeasts on ruminal fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec)

Effects and modes of action of live yeasts in the rumen

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