Changes in the metabolic activity of macrophages under the influence of tick-borne encephalitis virus

Abstract

The metabolic activity of macrophages infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) affecting the human nervous system has been studied for the first time. The penetration and reproduction of TBEV in the macrophages stimulated their oxygen metabolism, increasing the activity of NADPH-oxidase complex, as well as the mitochondrial enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome oxidase. A wave-like change in the activity of these enzymes in the macrophages reflected the reaction of the cells to the penetration of the virus in the first period (within 3 h) and to the synthesis of the virus particles and their exit into the extracellular space in the second period (from 5 to 48 h). In the macrophages infected with TBEV, accumulation of NO metabolites was observed. In the late period of the examination (1-4 days), the activities of superoxide dismutase and lysosomal enzymes (nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase) were detected. Thus, the early increase in the activity of the cell enzymes indicates the activation of the macrophages, and the subsequent increase in their activity corresponds to the enhanced synthetic activity of the macrophages.

Neutrophil Apoptosis Induction by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus

“…Activities of succinate and lactate dehydrogenases (SDH, LDH) were measured by Lloyd's method in our modifi cation [3]. The reaction products were measured by the solution absorption on a Labsystem Multiscan RC spectrophotometer at wavelengths corresponding to the target substrates.…”

“…Infi ltration in site of the insect bite consists mainly of poly-and mononuclear leukocytes during the fi rst 3 days after infection; lymphocytes predominate only at weeks 2-3 of the disease [1]. Using integrin receptors consisting of glycoprotein α-and β-chain combinations, TBE adheres to blood cell surface during the early stages of infection and multiplies in monocyte/macrophages [4,12].…”

Tick-borne encephalitis: Clinical findings and prognosis in adults

“…The virus further replicates in the T-and B-cells and macrophages in lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen. The penetration and reproduction of TBEV in the macrophages stimulates their oxygen metabolism, increasing the activity of NADPH-oxidizing complex, as well as the mitochondrial enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome oxidase [7]. After replication in the lymphatic organs, TBEV reaches the brain through the blood vessels.…”

The Cells of Innate Systems in Tick-Borne Encephalitis

“…The suspension of destroyed cells was treated with 100 μl of Griess reagent (Schulz et al, 1999). The activity of enzymes ATPase, 5′ nucleotidase, succinate and lactate dehydrogenases and myeloperoxidase were determined in infected neutrophils by methods of F.G. Hayhoe and D. Quaglino (1983) with our updating (Plekhova et al, 2007). The absorption of the product of cytochemistry reaction was measured by using a Multiscan Titertek Plus spectrophotometer (Flow lab, Finland) at lengths of waves corresponding to each reaction.…”

“…The plasma membrane of cells is known to transform spatially during chemotaxis, and this directly depends on activities of its ectoenzymes 5' nucleotidase and ATPase. In order to differentiate activated and resting cells, the intracellular contents of these enzymes were determined [Plekhova et al, 2007]. We found that an increase of the number of antigen positive cells was associated with a decrease of the activity of its enzymes (Fig.…”