Changes in the long head of the biceps tendon in rotator cuff tear shoulders

Characteristics at haematoxylin and eosin staining of ruptures of the long head of the biceps tendon

“…Our LHBT rupture specimens had histopathological features similar to those described by other authors 1271213. A ruptured LHBT shows marked collagen degeneration and disordered arrangement of collagen fibres 1271213.…”

To detach the long head of the biceps tendon after tenodesis or not: Outcome analysis at the 4-year follow-up of two different techniques

“…In group 1 (tenodesis without tenotomy), eight patients had an excellent postoperative score and three a good postoperative score. The UCLA rating system used for evaluation showed a statistically significant improvement from the preoperative average rating of 10.5 (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) to the postoperative average score of 33 (29-35) (P<0.05). In group 2 (tenodesis with tenotomy), the UCLA rating system used for evaluation showed a statistically significant improvement from the preoperative rating of 11.1 to the postoperative score of 32.9 (P<0.05).…”

“…Long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) pathology is more common in shoulders affected by rotator cuff tears due to the higher tendon loads caused by the alteration of shoulder biomechanics [7].…”

Modelling approaches for evaluating multiscale tendon mechanics

“…For example, a three-dimensional model of the glenohumeral joint of the shoulder incorporated the long head of the biceps tendon as a transversely isotropic, hyperelastic material with a constant elastic modulus. This model showed increased displacement of the labrum caused by tension of the biceps tendon [131,132]. However, the mechanical behaviour of the tendon in the joint was not fully explored, and further studies focused on tendon properties under different physiological loads should be conducted.…”