Changes in the Liver During Pregnancy

Pedrycz, Agnieszka; Zając, Agata; Ciechan, Alicja; Lonc, Grzegorz; Zając, Grzegorz; Siermontowski, Piotr; Orlowski, M

doi:10.13006/phr.48.7

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The activation of TRAILR or CD95 receptors also results in the trimerization of the death domains, and the FADD adapter protein is attached directly to these trimers. This binding is necessary for the activation of procaspases 8 and 10, the initiator caspases [22]. Activated caspase-8-in addition to the activation of effector caspases (caspase 3 and 7)-can also, by limited proteolysis, convert the BID protein into tBID.…”

Section: Mitochondrial Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activated caspase-8-in addition to the activation of effector caspases (caspase 3 and 7)-can also, by limited proteolysis, convert the BID protein into tBID. This conversion acts as a signal to open channels in the mitochondrial membrane, enabling the release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria, which is the link between the receptor and mitochondrial pathways [10,22].…”

Section: Mitochondrial Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In ceramide-induced apoptosis-the activator of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway-is formed, enhancing the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria [22]. In vitro studies have shown that the activity of sphingomyelinases, enzymes involved in the formation of ceramides, is necessary for the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria.…”

Section: Exogenous Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involvement of Metabolic Lipid Mediators in the Regulation of Apoptosis

et al. 2020

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Apoptosis is the physiological mechanism of cell death and can be modulated by endogenous and exogenous factors, including stress and metabolic alterations. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as ROS-dependent lipid peroxidation products (including isoprostanes and reactive aldehydes including 4-hydroxynonenal) are proapoptotic factors. These mediators can activate apoptosis via mitochondrial-, receptor-, or ER stress-dependent pathways. Phospholipid metabolism is also an essential regulator of apoptosis, producing the proapoptotic prostaglandins of the PGD and PGJ series, as well as the antiapoptotic prostaglandins of the PGE series, but also 12-HETE and 20-HETE. The effect of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids on apoptosis depends on cell type-specific differences. Cells where cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is the dominant cannabinoid receptor, as well as cells with high cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, undergo apoptosis after the administration of cannabinoids. In contrast, in cells where CB2 receptors dominate, and cells with low COX activity, cannabinoids act in a cytoprotective manner. Therefore, cell type-specific differences in the pro- and antiapoptotic effects of lipids and their (oxidative) products might reveal new options for differential bioanalysis between normal, functional, and degenerating or malignant cells, and better integrative biomedical treatments of major stress-associated diseases.

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Section: Mitochondrial Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mitochondrial Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exogenous Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involvement of Metabolic Lipid Mediators in the Regulation of Apoptosis

et al. 2020

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“…The liver is the largest gland in the human body and plays a central role in metabolism. Hepatocytes participate, inter alia, in glucose, lipid, protein, and peptide metabolism (Pedrycz et al, 2014). As a central metabolic organ, the maternal liver undergoes significant changes induced by higher estrogen levels during normal pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In early pregnancy, when fetal demands are still relatively low, the maternal body stores energy through increased glucose intake and lipogenesis, as well as glycogen accumulation in hepatocytes to prepare for the higher energy consumption by the developing fetus in late gestation. Therefore, maternal cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid levels are elevated from the second trimester until the end of pregnancy (Bacq, 2000(Bacq, -2013Lain and Catalano, 2007;Pedrycz et al, 2014;Soma-Pillay et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2017;Napso et al, 2018). In light of these known physiological changes, adjusted standard reference levels of serum markers have been defined for pregnant women (Abbassi-Ghanavati et al, 2009;Jamjute et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Liver Mechanical Properties and Water Diffusivity During Normal Pregnancy Are Driven by Cellular Hypertrophy

et al. 2020

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During pregnancy, the body’s hyperestrogenic state alters hepatic metabolism and synthesis. While biochemical changes related to liver function during normal pregnancy are well understood, pregnancy-associated alterations in biophysical properties of the liver remain elusive. In this study, we investigated 26 ex vivo fresh liver specimens harvested from pregnant and non-pregnant rats by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in a 0.5-Tesla compact magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Water diffusivity and viscoelastic parameters were compared with histological data and blood markers. We found livers from pregnant rats to have (i) significantly enlarged hepatocytes (26 ± 15%, p < 0.001), (ii) increased liver stiffness (12 ± 15%, p = 0.012), (iii) decreased viscosity (−23 ± 14%, p < 0.001), and (iv) increased water diffusivity (12 ± 11%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, increased stiffness and reduced viscosity of the liver during pregnancy are mainly attributable to hepatocyte enlargement. Hypertrophy of liver cells imposes fewer restrictions on intracellular water mobility, resulting in a higher hepatic water diffusion coefficient. Collectively, MRE and DWI have the potential to inform on structural liver changes associated with pregnancy in a clinical context.

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Changes in the Liver During Pregnancy

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

Involvement of Metabolic Lipid Mediators in the Regulation of Apoptosis

Involvement of Metabolic Lipid Mediators in the Regulation of Apoptosis

Changes in Liver Mechanical Properties and Water Diffusivity During Normal Pregnancy Are Driven by Cellular Hypertrophy

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