Changes in the Leptin to Adiponectin Ratio Are Proportional to Weight Loss After Meal Replacement in Adults With Severe Obesity

Abstract

Hypocaloric diets are known to induce changes in adipokine secretion, but the influence of a low energy liquid diet (LELD) on the leptin: adiponectin ratio (LAR), a measure of insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk, has not previously been investigated in patients with severe obesity. We conducted a prospective, single-center cohort study of adults with severe obesity (defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kgm−2, or ≥35 kgm−2 with co-morbidities) who completed a 24-week milk-based LELD. We measured leptin, adiponectin and LAR at the start and on completion of the programme. Of 120 patients who started, 52 (43.3 %) completed the programme. Their mean age was 50.3 ± 11.2 (range 18–74) years, 29 (55.8 %) were female and 20 (38.5 %) had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Weight decreased from 148.2 ± 39.6 to 125.4 ± 34.8 kg and BMI decreased from 52.4 ± 11.1 to 44.3 ± 9.8 kgm−2, respectively (all p < 0.001). In patients with T2DM, HbA1c decreased from 60.0 ± 17.4 to 47.5 ± 15.5 mmol/mol (p < 0.001). Leptin decreased (from 87.2 [48.6, 132.7] to 39.1 [21.0, 76.4] ng/ml) and adiponectin increased (from 5.6 [4.5, 7.5] to 7.1 [5.5, 8.5] μg/ml), with a reduction in LAR from 15 [8.4, 22.4] to 5.7 [3.0, 9.1] ng/μg (all p < 0.001), indicating decreased insulin resistance. The percentage weight lost was associated with the percentage reduction in LAR (ß = 2.9 [1.7, 4.1], p < 0.001) and this association was stronger in patients with T2DM. Patients with severe obesity who completed a milk-based LELD had a substantial reduction in LAR, consistent with decreased insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk, proportional to weight loss.

Factors associated with weight loss and health gains in a structured lifestyle modification programme for adults with severe obesity: a prospective cohort study

“…Similarly, improvements in HbA1c with weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes occurred independently of medications, which were not changed. The observation of an influence of weight loss on HbA1c, even in participants without diabetes and after just ten weeks of follow-up, suggests important metabolic benefits from purposeful weight loss that ought to be explored in future studies and which are consistent with our previous observations of improvements in insulin sensitivity after bariatric surgery ( 48 ) and intensive meal replacement programmes ( 49 ) in this patient group.…”

Сироваткові Рівні Цитокінів Та Адипокінів У Пацієнтів З Подагрою Та Їх Зв’язок Із Коморбідністю

“…Сироватковий рівень адипонектину, на відміну від лептину, обернено пропорційний загальній масі жиру. Так, особи з ожирінням і підвищеним показником циркулюючого лептину мають нижчий рівень адипонектину [15].…”