Changes in the interictal and early postictal diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance parameters in familial spontaneous epileptic cats

Hamamoto, Yüji; Hasegawa, Daisuke; Mizoguchi, Shunta; Yu, Yoshihiko; Wada, Mami; Kuwabara, Takayuki; Fujiwara‐Igarashi, Aki; Fujita, Michio

doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.04.015

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This is the first comprehensive evaluation of multiple diffusivity parameters in the normal feline brain using atlas‐based automated parcellation techniques. A previous publication on diffusion imaging in felines utilized manual region of interest analysis to identify mean FA and ADC values in selected regions of the brain, including white matter, grey matter, and hippocampus, in cats with familial epilepsy when compared to a normal control group (Hamamoto et al, ). In the normal controls in this study, the reported mean white matter and hippocampal FA values were considerably lower than that reported in our study (Hamamoto et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous publication on diffusion imaging in felines utilized manual region of interest analysis to identify mean FA and ADC values in selected regions of the brain, including white matter, grey matter, and hippocampus, in cats with familial epilepsy when compared to a normal control group (Hamamoto et al, ). In the normal controls in this study, the reported mean white matter and hippocampal FA values were considerably lower than that reported in our study (Hamamoto et al, ). This disparity in FA values is likely to be due to the difference in methodology of data acquisition and sampling but also could be due to other metrics such as age or gender.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, neuroimaging in veterinary practice has rapidly developed in recent years and there is growing clinical research interest into the use of advanced neuroimaging techniques for improving diagnosis in naturally occurring neurological disease. DWI has been described in cats for research (Baratti, Barnett, & Pierpaoli, ; Kim et al, ; Kumar et al, ; Ronen, Kim, Garwood, Ugurbil, & Kim, ; Takahashi et al, ; Vite et al, ; Zhao et al, ) and has recently been applied to a clinical population of cats with familial epilepsy (Hamamoto et al, ). Currently, however, a comprehensive documentation of the normal diffusivity parameters in the feline brain has not been performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normal diffusivity of the domestic feline brain

Barry

Cerdá-González²,

Luh

et al. 2018

J of Comparative Neurology

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Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides useful information about neuroanatomy and improves detection of neuropathology. As yet, a comprehensive evaluation of the diffusivity parameters within the feline brain has not been documented. In this study, we anesthetized and performed in vivo MRI on the brain of eight neurologically normal felines. A T1-weighted structural sequence with a resolution of 0.5 mm 3 and a parallel diffusion weighted sequence with 61 directions and a resolution of 1.5 mm 3 was obtained. After correction and processing the dif-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normal diffusivity of the domestic feline brain

Barry

Cerdá-González²,

Luh

et al. 2018

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…As both the kindling/kainate model and the EL mouse are used to model human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), we consider that FSECs are a natural genetic model of human and feline TLE. We previously reported their clinical, electrophysiological and magnetic resonance imaging findings, which resembled those of human MTLE [ 13 – 16 ]. Further, a familial form of MTLE (FMTLE) was reported in humans [ 17 – 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Molecular cloning and characterization of the family of feline leucine-rich glioma-inactivated (LGI) genes, and mutational analysis in familial spontaneous epileptic cats

Hasegawa

Fujiwara‐Igarashi

et al. 2017

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundLeucine-rich glioma-inactivated (LGI) proteins play a critical role in synaptic transmission. Dysfunction of these genes and encoded proteins is associated with neurological disorders such as genetic epilepsy or autoimmune limbic encephalitis in animals and human. Familial spontaneous epileptic cats (FSECs) are the only feline strain and animal model of familial temporal lobe epilepsy. The seizure semiology of FSECs comprises recurrent limbic seizures with or without evolution into generalized epileptic seizures, while cats with antibodies against voltage-gated potassium channel complexed/LGI1 show limbic encephalitis and recurrent limbic seizures. However, it remains unclear whether the genetics underlying FSECs are associated with LGI family genes. In the present study, we cloned and characterized the feline LGI1–4 genes and examined their association with FSECs. Conventional PCR techniques were performed for cloning and mutational analysis. Characterization was predicted using bioinformatics software.ResultsThe cDNAs of feline LGI1–4 contained 1674-bp, 1650-bp, 1647-bp, and 1617-bp open reading frames, respectively, and encoded proteins comprising 557, 549, 548, and 538 amino acid residues, respectively. The feline LGI1–4 putative protein sequences showed high homology with Homo sapiens, Canis familiaris, Bos taurus, Sus scrofa, and Equus caballus (92%–100%). Mutational analysis in 8 FSECs and 8 controls for LGI family genes revealed 3 non-synonymous and 14 synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region. Only one non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in LGI4 was found in 3 out of 8 FSECs. Using three separate computational tools, this mutation was not predicted to be disease causing. No co-segregation of the disease was found with any variant.ConclusionsWe cloned the cDNAs of the four feline LGI genes, analyzed the amino acid sequences, and revealed that epilepsy in FSEC is not a monogenic disorder associated with LGI genes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-017-1308-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The seizure types of FSECs are spontaneous focal limbic seizures with or without evolving generalizations and vestibular stimulation-induced generalized seizures. The epileptogenic zone of FSECs was estimated to be in the amygdala and/or hippocampus using scalp electroencephalography to evaluate the irritative zone ( 12 ), video-intracranial electroencephalography to determine the symptomatogenic zone and the seizure-onset zone ( 13 ), and interictal and early postictal diffusion and perfusion MRI to detect the seizure-onset and the functional deficit zones ( 14 , 15 ). Additionally, 3D MR volumetry using the ROI method showed asymmetric hippocampal volume in FSECs as the structural abnormal zone ( 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Structural Analysis of Familial Spontaneous Epileptic Cats Using Voxel-Based Morphometry

Hamamoto

Hasegawa

et al. 2018

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) based on high resolution three-dimensional data of magnetic resonance imaging has been developed as a statistical morphometric imaging analysis method to locate brain abnormalities in humans. Recently, VBM has been used for human patients with psychological or neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Traditional volumetry using region of interest (ROI) is performed manually and the observer needs detailed knowledge of the neuroanatomy having to trace objects of interest on many slices which can cause artificial errors. In contrast, VBM is an automatic technique that has less observer biases compared to the ROI method. In humans, VBM analysis is performed in patients with epilepsy to detect accurately structural abnormalities. Familial spontaneous epileptic cats (FSECs) have been developed as an animal model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. In FSECs, hippocampal asymmetry had been detected using three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) volumetry based on the ROI method. In this study, we produced a standard template of the feline brain and compared FSECs and healthy cats using standard VBM analysis. The feline standard template and tissue probability maps were created using 38 scans from 14 healthy cats. Subsequently, the gray matter was compared between FSECs (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 12) as group analysis and between each FSEC and controls as individual analysis. The feline standard template and tissue probability maps could be created using the VBM tools for humans. There was no significant reduction of GM in the FSEC group compared to the control group. However, 5/25 (20%) FSECs showed significant decreases in the hippocampal and/or amygdaloid regions in individual analysis. Here, we established the feline standard templates of the brain that can be used to determine accurately abnormal zones. Furthermore, like MR volumetry, VBM identified morphometric changes in the hippocampus and/or amygdala in some FSECs.

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Changes in the interictal and early postictal diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance parameters in familial spontaneous epileptic cats

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Normal diffusivity of the domestic feline brain

Normal diffusivity of the domestic feline brain

Molecular cloning and characterization of the family of feline leucine-rich glioma-inactivated (LGI) genes, and mutational analysis in familial spontaneous epileptic cats

Statistical Structural Analysis of Familial Spontaneous Epileptic Cats Using Voxel-Based Morphometry

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