“…Numerous studies have focused on understanding the determinants of syringe sharing (Booth, 1994;Darke et al, 1994;Donoghoe et al, 1992;Hawkins et al, 1999;Magura et al, 1989;Mandell et al, 1994;Strathdee et al, 1997). Both trend analyses and cohort studies indicate that many IDUs reduced syringe sharing in response to the HIV epidemic (Battjes et al, 1995;Des Jarlais et al, 2000;Hunter et al, 1995;van Ameijden and Coutinho, 1998;Wiebel et al, 1996). However, indirect sharing remains a common practice among IDUs and research focused on its determinants is relatively sparse Koester et al, 1996;Needle et al, 1998).…”