Changes in the incidence of lower urinary tract stones in Japan from 1965 to 1995

Abstract

Background: The changes over time of the annual incidence of lower urinary tract stones in Japan from 1965 to 1995 were analyzed. Methods: Data on lower urinary tract calculi were abstracted from the past three nationwide surveys of urolithiasis, which covered nearly all major hospitals and urologists in Japan and enumerated all outpatient visits diagnosed as urolithiasis in the years 1965, 1975, 1985 and 1995. Chronological changes in the sex-and age-related annual incidences of lower urinary tract stones and stone composition were estimated. Results: Lower urinary tract stones were predominant in men 60 years of age or older. Between 1965 and 1995, the annual incidence has significantly decreased in men ≥ 60 years of age from 37.2 to 27.0 per 100 000 and significantly increased in women ≥ 60 years of age from 2.4 to 4.8 per 100 000. In men, an increased proportion of uric acid and calcium stones as well as a decreased frequency of infection stones is a phenomenon common to upper urinary tract stones. However, infection and calcium stones have been two major stone types in women. Conclusions:In contrast to upper urinary tract calculi, the incidence of lower urinary tract stones has decreased over the last 30 years in men ≥ 60 years of age predisposed to this disease.

A Genome-Wide Association Study of Nephrolithiasis in the Japanese Population Identifies Novel Susceptible Loci at 5q35.3, 7p14.3, and 13q14.1

“…Then we selected the most significant SNPs from each of the three genomic region and examined the association of these SNPs with several clinical parameters [10], [11] which were shown to increase the risk of nephrolithiasis using up to a total of 27,323 independent Japanese samples [12]. We found no significant association of these SNPs with serum calcium, phosphorous, urate, and body mass index (BMI), but the risk allele of rs11746443 was significantly associated with the reduction of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ( P  = 6.54×10 −8 , Table 2).…”

Analysis of urinary stone constituents using powder X-ray diffraction and FT-IR

“…4 A number of researchers have made the survey of specific zone for a specific period and tried to understand the specificity of the urinary stone for the respective zone. [5][6][7][8][9] Sex and age related composition of urinary stones have also been identified by Daudon et al 10 Etiological factors which are considered responsible for stone formation are metabolic disorder, ion transport within the intestinal track and kidney and diet including fluid intake. Geographical location, water quality, hot climate, occupation, stress, drug and bacteria induced factors are all external factors causing urinary stones.…”

“…Advent of analytical tools has made it possible to examine and or identify the urinary stone constituents using various techniques. 5,7,[8][9][10]12,13 We have undertaken a study on the analysis of constituents of urinary stones from various patients of this region with the aim that the data from a large number of patients may provide some idea about the factors, which cause high urinary stone disease of this region. In this paper, we report analysis of eight samples obtained from different patients using powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, SEM and TGA analysis.…”

Ultrasonography for ureteral stone detection in patients with or without caliceal dilatation

“…This included not only patients with symptoms but also patients without symptoms before the US examinations, who might have ureteral stones even though their symptoms had ceased within a few days. Ureterolithiasis is uncommon in children [18,19], who were excluded from this study. Patients with an apparent fever, who were suspected of having pyelonephritis, were also excluded.…”