Changes in the Fecal Metabolome Are Associated with Feeding Fiber Not Health Status in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease

Hall, Jean A.; Jewell, Dennis E.; Ephraim, Eden

doi:10.3390/metabo10070281

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In this study, relatively few fecal metabolites changed with consumption of the test foods. A similar study that tested food similar to the high soluble fiber plus betaine food in cats with CKD stage 1–3 also found few changes in fecal metabolites [ 38 ], several of which (glycitein, genistein sulfate, and daidzein) were changed in both studies. The sulfate conjugate of genistein, genistein sulfate, was decreased in the feces of dogs with CKD at baseline, significantly increased from baseline following consumption of the test foods, and was significantly increased in the high soluble fiber plus betaine test food compared with the control food in the present study, indicating a shift toward a healthier profile in the activity of the microbiota in dogs with CKD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of Added Dietary Betaine and Soluble Fiber on Metabolites and Fecal Microbiome in Dogs with Early Renal Disease

Ephraim¹,

Jewell

2020

Metabolites

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Renal diets are recommended for dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study examined the effects of foods with added betaine and fiber on the plasma and fecal metabolome and fecal microbiome in dogs with early stage CKD. At baseline, several metabolites differed between healthy dogs and those with CKD. Dogs with CKD (n = 28) received a control food, low soluble fiber plus betaine food (0.5% betaine, 0.39% oat beta-glucan, and 0.27% short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS)), or high soluble fiber plus betaine food (0.5% betaine, 0.59% oat beta-glucan, and 0.41% scFOS) each for 10 weeks in different sequences. Consumption of test foods led to several favorable, significant changes in the plasma metabolome, including decreases of several uremic toxins and other deleterious metabolites, and increases in favorable metabolites compared with the control food. Only 7 fecal metabolites significantly changed with consumption of the test foods compared with the control food, largely increases in polyphenols and lignans. Few changes were seen in the fecal microbiome, though some taxa that significantly changed in response to the test foods have beneficial effects on health, with some negatively correlating with uremic toxins. Overall, foods with added betaine and soluble fiber showed positive effects on the plasma and fecal metabolomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of Added Dietary Betaine and Soluble Fiber on Metabolites and Fecal Microbiome in Dogs with Early Renal Disease

Ephraim¹,

Jewell

2020

Metabolites

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“…Upon observation of a stool, it was scored on a scale ranging from 1 (not solid, > 75% liquid) to 5 (cylindrical, > 80% firm) as previously described [22]. Fresh fecal samples were homogenized (Thinky Mixer, Thinky USA Inc., Laguna Hills, CA, USA), and were frozen as aliquots at −80 • C as previously described [23].…”

Section: Stool Collection Scoring and Sample Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nutrition on Age-Related Metabolic Markers and the Gut Microbiota in Cats

Ephraim¹,

Jewell

2021

Microorganisms

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Age-related changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites are associated with the increased risk of detrimental conditions also seen with age. This study evaluated whether a test food with potential anti-aging benefits results in favorable changes in plasma and fecal metabolites and the fecal microbiota in senior cats. Forty healthy domestic cats aged 8.3–13.5 years were fed a washout food for 30 days, then control or test food for 30 days. After another 30-day washout, cats were switched to the other study food for 30 days. Assessment of plasma and fecal metabolites showed lower levels of metabolites associated with detrimental processes (e.g., uremic toxins) and higher levels of metabolites associated with beneficial processes (e.g., tocopherols) after cats consumed the test food compared with the control food. A shift toward proteolysis with the control food is supported by higher levels of amino acid metabolites and lower levels of carbohydrate metabolites. Operational taxonomic units of greater abundance with the test food positively correlated with carbohydrate and nicotinic acid metabolites, and negatively correlated with uremic toxins, amino acid metabolism, secondary bile salts, and branched-chain fatty acids. Taken together, the test food appears to result in greater levels of metabolites and microbiota associated with a healthier state.

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“…Previous studies have focused on the taxonomical and compositional characterization of the GI microbiome in young cats [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. More recent studies have also described the serum and fecal metabolites in cats in states of health [19][20][21][22][23] and disease [24][25][26][27][28][29], or following drug administration [30][31][32][33]. Investigating metabolic patterns under certain conditions has filled gaps in understanding cellular processes and has led to the discovery of new disease biomarkers, allowing an understanding of impaired signaling pathways in different disease states [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Serum and Fecal Metabolomic Profiles of Growing Kittens Treated with Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid or Doxycycline

Stavroulaki

Suchodolski

Pilla

et al. 2022

Animals

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The long-term impact of antibiotics on the serum and fecal metabolome of kittens has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the serum and fecal metabolome of kittens with an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) before, during, and after antibiotic treatment and compare it with that of healthy control cats. Thirty 2-month-old cats with a URTI were randomly assigned to receive either amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for 20 days or doxycycline for 28 days, and 15 cats of similar age were enrolled as controls. Fecal samples were collected on days 0, 20/28, 60, 120, and 300, while serum was collected on days 0, 20/28, and 300. Untargeted and targeted metabolomic analyses were performed on both serum and fecal samples. Seven metabolites differed significantly in antibiotic-treated cats compared to controls on day 20/28, with two differing on day 60, and two on day 120. Alterations in the pattern of serum amino acids, antioxidants, purines, and pyrimidines, as well as fecal bile acids, sterols, and fatty acids, were observed in antibiotic-treated groups that were not observed in control cats. However, the alterations caused by either amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or doxycycline of the fecal and serum metabolome were only temporary and were resolved by 10 months after their withdrawal.

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Changes in the Fecal Metabolome Are Associated with Feeding Fiber Not Health Status in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of Added Dietary Betaine and Soluble Fiber on Metabolites and Fecal Microbiome in Dogs with Early Renal Disease

Effect of Added Dietary Betaine and Soluble Fiber on Metabolites and Fecal Microbiome in Dogs with Early Renal Disease

Effect of Nutrition on Age-Related Metabolic Markers and the Gut Microbiota in Cats

The Serum and Fecal Metabolomic Profiles of Growing Kittens Treated with Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid or Doxycycline

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