Changes in the Expression of Circulating microRNAs in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient Blood Plasma After Passing Through a Plasma Adsorption Membrane

Wang

2019

ExRNA

Since the discovery of extracellular RNA (exRNA), it has been shown that exRNAs play a significant role as a transducer in intercellular communication and biomarkers in various diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a kind of autoimmune disease that has protean manifestations. The survival and long-term prognosis of patients with SLE has improved in these 5-10 years, while disease pathogenesis is still not clear. Many researchers found the changes in exRNA profile, and exRNAs are likely participating in the process of SLE. In this review, we summarize the current profile and function of exRNA in SLE. Circulating miRNAs, in particular, have been identified as biomarkers for SLE diagnosis. We also explore the function of lncRNA in SLE and the potential correlation with disease progression and activity. These studies show that exRNAs may take parts in the process of SLE and some of them can be used as diagnostic tool for SLE.

Section: Extracellular Rna and Sle Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular RNA in systemic lupus erythematosus

Wang

2019

ExRNA

“…The DEmiRNAs investigated in the present study, some of which have been reported in previous studies, regulate the expression of protein-coding genes and affect several biological functions, serving a role in the occurrence and development of diseases. Studies have shown that miR-1246 may be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases and acts as a transfer messenger that leads to DNA damage by directly inhibiting the ligase 4 gene ( 26 , 27 ). The plasma expression levels of miR-1246 has been used as a diagnostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma ( 28 , 29 ), and miR-1246 regulates the progression of breast and prostate cancer, highlighting the potential of miR-1246 in miRNA-based therapies ( 30 , 31 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarray analysis of aberrant microRNA expression patterns in spinal cord gliomas of different grades

Zhang

et al. 2020

Oncol Lett

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the development of several types of tumor; however, their role in spinal gliomas remains unknown. The present study aimed to identify potentially novel spinal cord gliomas (SCG)-associated miRNAs and to characterize their roles in the development and progression of SCG. miRNA expression levels in low-grade SCG (classed as stage I–II SCG based on the World Health Organization grading system), high-grade SCG (classed as stage IV SCG based on the World Health Organization grading system) and 5 control cases were measured using a miRNA expression microarray. Subsequently, blood samples from the spinal cord of patients with differing grades of SCG were screened for differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs). Compared with the control group, 7 upregulated and 36 downregulated miRNAs were identified in the low-grade SCG group and a total of 70 upregulated and 20 downregulated miRNAs were identified in the high-grade SCG group (P≤0.05, fold change >2). Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the regulation of cellular metabolic processes, negative regulation of biological processes and axon guidance were primarily involved. Moreover, pathway analysis showed that the target genes of DEmiRNAs were enriched in tumor-related signaling pathways, such as the MAPK and Wnt signaling pathway. The results suggest that DEmiRNAs in peripheral blood may serve as novel target markers with high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of SCG.

“…These miRNA "information packages" have recently been shown to be sequestered into extracellular, lipophilic microvesicles or exosomes that shuttle between cells and tissues and/or amongst ECF, CSF and blood serum compartments (Alexandrov et al, 2013;Jaber et al, 2017Jaber et al, , 2019Badhwar and Haqqani, 2020;Bitetto and Di Fonzo, 2020;Upadhya et al, 2020;Vanherle et al, 2020). Extracellularly secreted miRNAs circulating in the peripheral blood are referred to as "circulating miRNAs"; they are either encapsulated by extracellular vesicles such as exosomes and microvesicles, or bound to molecules such as the Argonaute protein, or HDL cholesterol (Zernecke et al, 2009;Arroyo et al, 2011;Vickers et al, 2011;Ishibe et al, 2018;Groot and Lee, 2020;Upadhya et al, 2020). In addition, miRNAs that leak from destroyed cells and apoptotic bodies are also found among circulating serum miRNAs and have been implicated in the spreading of AD neuropathology (Zernecke et al, 2009;.…”

Section: Overview Of Mirna Abundance In Ad Tissues and Biofluid Compamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, miRNAs that leak from destroyed cells and apoptotic bodies are also found among circulating serum miRNAs and have been implicated in the spreading of AD neuropathology (Zernecke et al, 2009;. It is also noteworthy to point out that while the ECF, CSF and blood serum can be considered as relatively contiguous biofluids, there may be selective biophysical barrier-mediated effects on miRNA permeability, translocation and trans-membrane transport of microRNAs which ends up as having the ECF, CSF, and blood serum compartments essentially distinct in their miRNA content and stoichiometric abundance (Blennow et al, 2010;Alexandrov et al, 2013;Hampel et al, 2018a,b,c;Ishibe et al, 2018;see below).…”

Section: Overview Of Mirna Abundance In Ad Tissues and Biofluid Compamentioning

confidence: 99%

microRNA-Based Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

et al. 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial, age-related neurological disease characterized by complex pathophysiological dynamics taking place at multiple biological levels, including molecular, genetic, epigenetic, cellular and large-scale brain networks. These alterations account for multiple pathophysiological mechanisms such as brain protein accumulation, neuroinflammatory/neuro-immune processes, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration that eventually lead to cognitive and behavioral decline. Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) signaling have been implicated in the epigenetics and molecular genetics of all neurobiological processes associated with AD pathophysiology. These changes encompass altered miRNA abundance, speciation and complexity in anatomical regions of the CNS targeted by the disease, including modified miRNA expression patterns in brain tissues, the systemic circulation, the extracellular fluid (ECF) and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). miRNAs have been investigated as candidate biomarkers for AD diagnosis, disease prediction, prognosis and therapeutic purposes because of their involvement in multiple brain signaling pathways in both health and disease. In this review we will: (i) highlight the significantly heterogeneous nature of miRNA expression and complexity in AD tissues and biofluids; (ii) address how information may be extracted from these data to be used as a diagnostic, prognostic and/or screening tools across the entire continuum of AD, from the preclinical stage, through the prodromal, i.e., mild cognitive impairment (MCI) phase all the way to clinically overt dementia; and (iii) consider how specific miRNA expression patterns could be categorized using miRNA reporters that span AD pathophysiological initiation and disease progression.