Changes in the expression levels of elastic fibres in yak lungs at different growth stages

Li, Jingyi; Meng, Xiangqiong; Wang, Lihan; Yu, Hanry; Yu, Honggang; Wei, Qing

doi:10.1186/s12861-021-00240-w

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…VEGF not only increases vascular permeability but also promotes the proliferation and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells, thereby promoting neovascularization [68][69][70]. Together with the experimental results, the structure of the lungs determines whether yaks can adapt to the hypoxic environment of the plateau [51,71,72]. The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in the epithelial cells of terminal fine bronchioles of yaks is relatively high compared with that in cattle, which is conducive to the protection of bronchioles and the enrichment of the soft tube mechanism in yaks under the hypoxic environment of the plateau and facilitates the contraction of bronchioles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Study of Transcriptomic Analysis of Yak (Bos grunniens) and Cattle (Bos taurus) Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells under Oxygen Concentration Gradients and Differences in Their Lung Histology and Expression of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1-Related Factors

Zhang,

Zhou,

Liang

et al. 2023

Animals

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The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which hypoxia affects the biological behavior of yak PASMCs, the changes in the histological structure of yak and cattle lungs, and the relationships and regulatory roles that exist regarding the differences in the distribution and expression of PDK1 and its hypoxia−associated factors screened for their role in the adaptation of yak lungs to the plateau hypoxic environment. The results showed that, at the level of transcriptome sequencing, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of the HIF−1 signaling pathway, glucose metabolism pathway, and related factors (HK2/PGK1/ENO1/ENO3/ALDOC/ALDOA) may be closely related to the adaptation of yaks to the hypoxic environment of the plateau; at the tissue level, the presence of filled alveoli and semi−filled alveoli, thicker alveolar septa and basement membranes, a large number of erythrocytes, capillary distribution, and collagen fibers accounted for all levels of fine bronchioles in the lungs of yaks as compared to cattle. A higher percentage of goblet cells was found in the fine bronchioles of yaks, and PDK1, HIF−1α, and VEGF were predominantly distributed and expressed in the monolayers of ciliated columnar epithelium in the branches of the terminal fine bronchioles of yak and cattle lungs, with a small amount of it distributed in the alveolar septa; at the molecular level, the differences in PDK1 mRNA relative expression in the lungs of adult yaks and cattle were not significant (p > 0.05), the differences in HIF−1α and VEGF mRNA relative expression were significant (p < 0.05), and the expression of PDK1 and HIF−1α proteins in adult yaks was stronger than that in adult cattle. PDK1 and HIF−1α proteins were more strongly expressed in adult yaks than in adult cattle, and the difference was highly significant (p < 0.01); the relative expression of VEGF proteins was not significantly different between adult yaks and cattle (p > 0.05). The possible regulatory relationship between the above results and the adaptation of yak lungs to the plateau hypoxic environment paves the way for the regulatory mechanisms of PDK1, HIF−1α, and VEGF, and provides basic information for studying the mechanism of hypoxic adaptation of yaks in the plateau. At the same time, it provides a reference for human hypoxia adaptation and a target for the prevention and treatment of plateau diseases in humans and plateau animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Study of Transcriptomic Analysis of Yak (Bos grunniens) and Cattle (Bos taurus) Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells under Oxygen Concentration Gradients and Differences in Their Lung Histology and Expression of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1-Related Factors

Zhang,

Zhou,

Liang

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…The alveolar septum, composed of a thin layer of connective tissue with dense capillaries and abundant fibers, is covered by flat alveolar cells [13]. Previous studies have demonstrated that yak lungs possess a greater abundance of elastic fibers [14] and a denser network of blood vessels compared to other cattle species [15]. With the thickening of the alveolar septum, there is also an increase in the number of capillaries and elastic fibers [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The HIF-1α/EGF/EGFR Signaling Pathway Facilitates the Proliferation of Yak Alveolar Type II Epithelial Cells in Hypoxic Conditions

Wang,

He,

Cui

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The yak is a unique creature that thrives in low-oxygen environments, showcasing its adaptability to high-altitude settings with limited oxygen availability due to its unique respiratory system. However, the impact of hypoxia on alveolar type II (AT2) epithelial cell proliferation in yaks remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the effects of different altitudes on 6-month-old yaks and found an increase in alveolar septa thickness and AT2 cell count in a high-altitude environment characterized by hypoxia. This was accompanied by elevated levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. Additionally, we observed a significant rise in Ki67-positive cells and apoptotic lung epithelial cells among yaks inhabiting higher altitudes. Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that exposure to hypoxia activated HIF-1α, EGF, and EGFR expression leading to increased proliferation rates among yak AT2 cells. Under normal oxygen conditions, activation of HIF-1α enhanced EGF/EGFR expressions which subsequently stimulated AT2 cell proliferation. Furthermore, activation of EGFR expression under normoxic conditions further promoted AT2 cell proliferation while simultaneously suppressing apoptosis. Conversely, inhibition of EGFR expression under hypoxic conditions had contrasting effects. In summary, hypoxia triggers the proliferation of yak AT2 cells via activation facilitated by the HIF-1α/EGF/EGFR signaling cascade.

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“…Also, it has been found that the FRAS1 gene is one of the candidate genes for cattle 58 and pig 59 fertility. EMILIN2 (belonging to elastin protein family) and FBN1 (belong to fibrillin protein family) are involved in fibrogenesis in the yak lung which along with several other genes can improve the efficiency of oxygen utilization in yaks at high altitude 60 . It has been found that GRIA1 is one of the domestication-related genes in the dog 61 and cat 62 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of selection signatures in Iranian dromedary and Bactrian camels using whole genome sequencing data

Khalkhali-Evrigh

Hedayat

Liang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The Old World camels play an important role as one of the main food sources in large parts of Asia and Africa. Natural selection combined with artificial selection by human has affected parts of the domestic animal genome for adapting them to their habitats and meeting human needs. Here, we used whole genome sequencing data of 34 camels (including 14 dromedaries and 20 Bactrian camels) to identify the genomic signature of selection in the Iranian dromedary (ID) and Bactrian camels (IB). To detect the mentioned regions, we used two methods including population differentiation index (Fst) and cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) with 50 kb sliding window and 25 kb step size. Based on gene ontology analysis on the candidate genes identified for IB camels, we found GO terms associated with lung development, nervous system development, immune system and behavior. Also, we identified several genes related to body thermoregulation (ZNF516), meat quality (ANK1 and HSPA13), and high-altitude adaptation (OPA1) for IB camels. In the list of detected candidate genes under selection in ID camels, the genes related to energy metabolism (BDH1), reproduction (DLG1, IMMP2L and FRASI), long-term memory (GRIA1), kidney (SLC12A1), lung development (EMILIN2 and FBN1) and immunity (SOCS2, JAK1, NRROS and SENP1) were found. Our findings, along with further studies in this field, will strengthen our knowledge about the effect of selection on the camelid genome under different geographical, climatic and even cultural conditions.

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Changes in the expression levels of elastic fibres in yak lungs at different growth stages

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Study of Transcriptomic Analysis of Yak (Bos grunniens) and Cattle (Bos taurus) Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells under Oxygen Concentration Gradients and Differences in Their Lung Histology and Expression of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1-Related Factors

Study of Transcriptomic Analysis of Yak (Bos grunniens) and Cattle (Bos taurus) Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells under Oxygen Concentration Gradients and Differences in Their Lung Histology and Expression of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1-Related Factors

The HIF-1α/EGF/EGFR Signaling Pathway Facilitates the Proliferation of Yak Alveolar Type II Epithelial Cells in Hypoxic Conditions

Identification of selection signatures in Iranian dromedary and Bactrian camels using whole genome sequencing data

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