Changes in the Employment Structure and in Job Quality in Italy: A National and Regional Analysis

Abstract

This paper contributes to the literature on changes in the employment structure, focusing on the job quality created and destroyed in Italy and in its regions in the years 2011-17. To do so, we apply a 'jobs-based' approach methodology similar to the one developed by Eurofound re-searchers and we use Labour Force Survey data from the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT). Our findings suggest that in the period, Italy experienced a polarisation pattern skewed towards lower-paid jobs, whereas we observe an upgrading trend at the average EU level. This pattern is the result of diverging trends across Italy: while the central and northern regions are responsible for the growth not only in the share of workers in low quality occupations but also in higher quality ones, southern Italy contributed exclusively to the increase in low-paid jobs. The latter area is the only one experiencing a clear downgrading trend over the years 2011-17. Sectoral trends are partially responsible for these patterns. Furthermore, we find that in recent years, the economic divide between northerncentral and southern regions has widened. Within each macro-area, the contribution of different regions to the total trends was heterogeneous, in particular in the South of Italy, where some regions contributed positively to employment growth in higher paid jobs too, although their role was overshadowed by those that performed worse.

Decent work in Italy: A network analysis

“…In this case, they are disconnected because they are judged as indecent by workers—by being excluded from decent work characteristics. This finding is consistent with statistics that illustrate the ongoing critical concern among workers in Italy regarding the poor quality of remuneration and jobs, as well as the growing level of poverty (Camussi et al, 2021; EUROSTAT, 2021a; ISTAT, 2020). Furthermore, this finding highlights the compelling necessity to advocate for more decent remunerations and working hours in the Italian context.…”

“…Notably, the employment gap between men and women is high (19.9%), and the rate of employment across young people is low (16.8%), representing a further burden for the Italian world of work (EUROSTAT, 2021a). Moreover, the Italian employment structure has changed rapidly in the last 10 years (Camussi et al, 2021). Occupational trends highlight a skew toward low-quality and low-paying jobs in contrast to better trends observed in other EU countries (Camussi et al, 2021).…”

“…Moreover, the Italian employment structure has changed rapidly in the last 10 years (Camussi et al, 2021). Occupational trends highlight a skew toward low-quality and low-paying jobs in contrast to better trends observed in other EU countries (Camussi et al, 2021). These trends, accompanied by increasing poverty, represent another compelling concern (ISTAT, 2020).…”