Changes in the coordination between respiration and swallowing from suckling through weaning

Bond, Laura E.; Mayerl, Christopher J.; Stricklen, Bethany M.; German, Rebecca Z.; Gould, François D. H.

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0942

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The most consistent changes relate to when in a respiration cycle swallows occur. At high frequency and at certain volume‐frequency combinations more swallows occur during inspiration rather than in late expiration as is seen in bottle‐feeding pigs throughout infancy (Ballester et al, 2018; Bond et al, 2020). There is also a reduction in the number of respiratory cycles without swallows in them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In infant pigs, sucking rate and swallowing rate remain fairly consistent throughout infancy despite increasing body size (Mayerl et al, 2019), but the size of individual bolus sizes increases (Mayerl et al, 2020). The preferential occurrence of swallows in expiration is maintained through infancy (Ballester et al, 2018) and even post weaning (Bond et al, 2020). This tight regulation of food intake rates both orally and at swallowing may be crucial for the maintenance of respiratory performance during feeding in infants in the absence of direct modulation of respiratory drive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of volume and rate of milk delivery on coordination of respiration and swallowing in infant pigs

Gould,

Mayerl,

Adjerid

et al. 2023

J Exp Zool Pt A

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The coordination of respiration and swallowing is a life‐critical function in infants. Varying volume and rate of milk delivery changes swallowing frequency and bolus volume but any impact on swallow‐respiration coordination is unknown. Five infant pigs were filmed with simultaneous high speed videofluoroscopy and plethysmography while feeding from an automatic system delivering milk across a range of volumes and frequencies. Swallow inspiration delay, respiratory cycle duration, and distribution of inspiratory and expiratory swallows were calculated. At constant volume, there were more inspiratory phase swallows when frequency increased. At high constant frequency, increasing volume changed swallow‐respiration coordination patterns, with increased occurrence of inspiratory phase swallows. Respiratory cycle duration did not change in response to changes in oral milk delivery. These results suggest that the observed pattern of expiratory swallowing in infants is achieved primarily by regulation of milk intake, not modulation of respiratory patterns by oral sensation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of volume and rate of milk delivery on coordination of respiration and swallowing in infant pigs

Gould,

Mayerl,

Adjerid

et al. 2023

J Exp Zool Pt A

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“…Seven days after birth is the earliest time point that data can be collected, as prior to that time point infant pigs cannot maintain a stable body temperature needed for transport from the animal facility to data collection facilities. At 17 days of age, premolars have erupted, and pigs begin to show an interest in solid food, marking the beginning of the transition to solid food and one of the last time points at which pigs are feeding exclusively on milk ( Bond et al. 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preterm Birth Impacts the Timing and Excursion of Oropharyngeal Structures during Infant Feeding

Edmonds

Catchpole

Gould

et al. 2020

Integrative Organismal Biology

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Swallowing in mammals requires the precise coordination of multiple oropharyngeal structures, including the palatopharyngeal arch. During a typical swallow, the activity of the palatopharyngeus muscle produces pharyngeal shortening to assist in producing pressure required to swallow and may initiate epiglottal flipping to protect the airway. Most research on the role of the palatopharyngeal arch in swallowing has used pharyngeal manometry, which measures the relative pressures in the oropharynx, but does not quantify the movements of the structures involved in swallowing. In this study, we assessed palatopharyngeal arch and soft palate function by comparing their movements in a healthy population to a pathophysiological population longitudinally through infancy (term versus preterm pigs). In doing so, we test the impact of birth status, postnatal maturation and their interaction on swallowing. We tracked the three-dimensional movements of radiopaque beads implanted into relevant anatomical structures and recorded feeding via biplanar high-speed videofluoroscopy. We then calculated the total three-dimensional excursion of the arch and soft palate, the orientation of arch movement, and the timing of maximal arch constriction during each swallow. Soft palate excursion was greater in term infants at both seven and 17 days postnatal, whereas arch excursion was largely unaffected by birth status. Maximal arch constriction occurred much earlier in preterm pigs relative to term pigs, a result that was consistent across age. There was no effect of postnatal age on arch or soft palate excursion. Preterm and term infants differed in their orientation of arch movement, which most likely reflects both differences in anatomy and differences in feeding posture. Our results suggest that the timing and coordination of oropharyngeal movements may be more important to feeding performance than the movements of isolated structures, and that differences in the neural control of swallowing and its maturation in preterm and term infants may explain preterm swallowing deficits.

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“…Infant suckling is biomechanically and neurologically distinct from adult feeding [17][18][19]. Suckling is primarily a tonguebased mechanism, consisting of several distinct actions.…”

Section: (B) Infant Anatomy and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, diversification and function of the maternal–infant dyad in mammalian feeding

Mayerl,

German

2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The evolution of the mother/infant dyad providing a source of nutrition for infants is essential for the origin and subsequent diversification of mammals. Despite the importance of this dyad, research on maternal and infant function is often treated independently. Our goal is to synthesize the work on maternal and infant function, discuss our own studies of suckling, and compare the origins of lactation and suckling with their ensuing diversification. Our central premise is that while extensive work has demonstrated variation across mammals in the maternal aspect of this system, very little has been done to address how this relates to infant function. We start with a discussion of the fundamental anatomy and physiology of both mother and infant. We next discuss the origin of mammary glands and milk, and infant suckling, which is distinct from their subsequent diversification. We then discuss the diversification of maternal and infant function, highlighting the evolutionary diversity present in maternal function (both anatomically and physiologically), before arguing that the diversity of infant function is unexplored, and needs to be better studied in the future. We end by discussing some of the holes in our understanding, and suggestions for future work that can address these lacunae. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Food processing and nutritional assimilation in animals’.

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Changes in the coordination between respiration and swallowing from suckling through weaning

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Impact of volume and rate of milk delivery on coordination of respiration and swallowing in infant pigs

Impact of volume and rate of milk delivery on coordination of respiration and swallowing in infant pigs

Preterm Birth Impacts the Timing and Excursion of Oropharyngeal Structures during Infant Feeding

Evolution, diversification and function of the maternal–infant dyad in mammalian feeding

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