Changes in the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the rind of Fino 49 lemons during maturation and their relationship with parameters from the CIELAB color space

Conesa, A.; Manera, Francesco; Brotons, José M.; Fernández-Zapata, Juan Carlos; Simón, I.; Simón-Grao, Silvia; Alfosea-Simón, Marina; Nicolás, Juan José Martínez; Valverde, Juan Miguel; Garcı́a-Sánchez, Francisco

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2018.08.030

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Based on these Pearson's correlation coefficients, the relationship of total carotenoid content with parameters from the CIELab color space will allow estimate rapidly this pigment concentration of extracts by MHG and SLE technologies with a non-destructive method. Similar associations were established for several vegetable raw materials [58,59].…”

Section: Color Characteristics Of the Extractssupporting

confidence: 69%

Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity (MHG) Extraction from Different Raw Materials with Cosmetic Applications

et al. 2019

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Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) and ethanolic solid-liquid extraction were compared using selected plant sources. Their bioactive profile, color features, and proximate chemical characterization were determined. MHG extracts, commercial antioxidants, and three distinct types of thermal spring water were used in a sunscreen cream formulation. Their bioactive capacity, chemical and rheological properties were evaluated. MHG Cytisus scoparius flower extract provided the highest bioactive properties. Pleurotus ostreatus MHG liquor exhibited the highest total solid extraction yield. The Brassica rapa MHG sample stood out for its total protein content and its monosaccharide and oligosaccharide concentration. Quercus robur acorns divided into quarters supplied MHG extract with the lowest energy requirements, highest DPPH inhibition percentage, total lipid content and the highest enzyme inhibition. The chemical and bioactive capacities stability of the sunscreen creams elaborated with the selected MHG extracts and the thermal spring waters showed a similar behavior than the samples containing commercial antioxidants.

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Section: Color Characteristics Of the Extractssupporting

confidence: 69%

Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity (MHG) Extraction from Different Raw Materials with Cosmetic Applications

et al. 2019

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“…It has been demonstrated that Citrus fruits are complex sources of pigments, especially carotenoids, with a broad diversity among the different species and cultivars in terms of types and amounts [35][36][37]. Therefore, most Citrus species show the same carotenoid profile, although some of them have higher concentrations [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Studies on Different Citrus Cultivars: A Revaluation of Waste Mandarin Components

et al. 2020

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Peel, pulp and seed extracts of three mandarin varieties, namely Phlegraean mandarin (Citrus reticulata), Kumquat (Citrus japonica), and Clementine (Citrus clementina) were compared and characterised in terms of photosynthetic pigment content, total polyphenols amount, antioxidant activity and vitamin C to assess the amount of functional compounds for each cultivar. The highest polyphenols content was found in the Phlegraean mandarin, especially in peel and seeds, whereas Kumquat exhibited the highest polyphenols amount in the pulp. The antioxidant activity was higher in the peel of Phlegraean mandarin and clementine compared to Kumquat, which showed the highest value in the pulp. The antioxidant activity peaked in the seeds of Phlegraean mandarin. The vitamin C in the Phlegraean mandarin was the highest in all parts of the fruit, especially in the seeds. Total chlorophyll content was comparable in the peel of different cultivars, in the pulp the highest amount was found in clementine, whereas kumquat seeds showed the greatest values. As regards total carotenoids, peel and pulp of clementine exhibited higher values than the other two cultivars, whereas the kumquat seeds were the richest in carotenoids. Among the analysed cultivars Phlegraean mandarin may be considered the most promising as a source of polyphenols and antioxidants, compared to the clementine and Kumquat, especially for the functional molecules found in the seeds. Moreover, regardless of cultivars this study also highlights important properties in the parts of the fruit generally considered wastes.

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“…4A). This decrease is not uncommon as previous studies have also demonstrated that the peel content of carotenoids, especially lutein, in lemon fruit decreased during maturation (Kato, 2012; Conesa et al ., 2019). Nevertheless, the yellowish appearance of degreened lemon fruit (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…8A–C). Similar to our study, previous studies have also demonstrated that peel degreening in most citrus fruit progresses as the environmental temperature decreases (Manera et al ., 2012; Manera et al ., 2013; Rodrigo et al ., 2013; Conesa et al ., 2019). It is intriguing that ClCLH1 and ClERF114 , which were earlier shown to exhibit an ethylene-specific pattern (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, as most citrus fruit mature on the tree, the seasonal temperature drops. Multiple studies have thus demonstrated that cold periods below 13°C are required to stimulate on-tree fruit colour development (Manera et al ., 2012; Manera et al ., 2013; Rodrigo et al ., 2013; Conesa et al ., 2019). During storage, low/intermediate temperatures (6–15°C) have also been shown to promote peel degreening (Matsumoto et al ., 2009; Van Wyk et al ., 2009; Zhu et al ., 2011; Carmona et al ., 2012a; Tao et al ., 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low temperature transcriptionally modulates natural peel degreening in lemon (Citrus limon L.) fruit independently of endogenous ethylene

Mitalo

Otsuki

Okada

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractPeel degreening is an important aspect of fruit ripening in many citrus fruit, and earlier studies have shown that it can be advanced either by ethylene treatment or during low temperature storage. However, the important regulators and pathways involved in natural peel degreening remain largely unknown. To understand how natural peel degreening is regulated in lemon (Citrus limon L.) fruit, flavedo transcriptome and physiochemical changes in response to either ethylene treatment or low temperature were studied. Ethylene treatment induced rapid peel degreening which was strongly inhibited by the ethylene antagonist, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Compared with 25°C, moderately low temperatures (5°C, 10°C, 15°C and 20°C) also triggered peel degreening. Surprisingly, repeated 1-MCP treatments failed to inhibit the peel degreening induced by low temperature. Transcriptome analysis revealed that low temperature and ethylene independently regulated genes associated with chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid metabolism, photosystem proteins, phytohormone biosynthesis and signalling, and transcription factors. On-tree peel degreening occurred along with environmental temperature drops, and it coincided with the differential expression of low temperature-regulated genes. In contrast, genes that were uniquely regulated by ethylene showed no significant expression changes during on-tree peel degreening. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that low temperature plays a prominent role in regulating natural peel degreening independently of ethylene in citrus fruit.HighlightCitrus peel degreening is promoted by low temperature via modulation of multiple genes associated with chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid biosynthesis, photosystem disassembly, phytohormones and transcription factors without involving ethylene signalling.

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Changes in the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the rind of Fino 49 lemons during maturation and their relationship with parameters from the CIELAB color space

Cited by 41 publications

References 12 publications

Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity (MHG) Extraction from Different Raw Materials with Cosmetic Applications

Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity (MHG) Extraction from Different Raw Materials with Cosmetic Applications

Comparative Studies on Different Citrus Cultivars: A Revaluation of Waste Mandarin Components

Low temperature transcriptionally modulates natural peel degreening in lemon (Citrus limon L.) fruit independently of endogenous ethylene

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