Changes in the Concentrations of Cortisol and Corticosterone in the Plasma and Adrenal Glands of the Guinea-Pig From Birth to Weaning

Dalle, M; Delost, P

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0630483

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…It may be that the elevated circulating cortisol concentrations observed following birth in infant guinea pigs are not reliably stabilized at near adult levels by 10 days of age as was suggested by earlier work (Dalle & Delost, 1974). Alternatively, interactions between pups and their mothers or littermates just prior to testing may increase the variability of circulating cortisol levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Hormonal and behavioral attachment responses in infant guinea pigs

Hennessy

Ritchey

1987

Developmental Psychobiology

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Infant guinea pigs, 11/12 and 18/19 days of age, exhibited high rates of vocalizing and increases in plasma concentrations of cortisol when separated from their mothers for 30 min in a novel environment (unfamiliar cage in an unfamiliar room). Levels of vocalizations and plasma cortisol were significantly reduced when the pup was exposed to the novel environment with its own conscious or anesthetized mother, but not when it was exposed with an unfamiliar anesthetized lactating female. Pups spent equivalent amounts of time in physical contact with their own conscious mother, their own anesthetized mother and an unfamiliar anesthetized lactating female. Unexpectedly, when the unfamiliar cage was placed in an environmental chamber during separation, pups showed negligible increases in vocalizations and plasma cortisol levels, even when administered footshock just prior to exposure. These findings demonstrate that guinea pig pups exhibit adrenocorticoid as well as behavioral responses to maternal separation, provide further evidence for the existence of filial attachment in this species, and document an unexpected role of the test environment in determining responses during maternal separation. The guinea pig may afford a rodent model for examining the effects of attachment-object separation on the activity of the pituitary-adrenal system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This test age was chosen because the resting cortisol levels of guinea pig pups are greatly elevated following birth and do not stabilize near adult levels until about 10 days of age (Dalle & Delost, 1974). (Guinea pig infants normally nurse for at least 3 weeks (Harper, 1976). )…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal and behavioral attachment responses in infant guinea pigs

Hennessy

Ritchey

1987

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Indeed, the guinea-pig has higher levels of plasma cortisol than other glucocorticoid-sensitive rodents, such as the mouse and rat (Claman, 1972), where basal corticosterone concentrations are approximately 50 ng ml¢ (Meaney et al 1992;McCormick et al 1998). A range of plasma cortisol concentrations in the guinea-pig of 70-300 ng ml¢ has been reported previously (Dalle & Delost, 1974;Garris, 1979;Dalle et al 1980;Fujieda et al 1982;Cadet et al 1986;Pradier et al 1990;Kaiser & Sachser, 1998). Many of these determinations were made following anaesthetization or decapitation, and therefore may not accurately reflect a basal adrenocortical state (levels may be artificially elevated or reduced).…”

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confidence: 68%

Adrenocortical Response Profiles to Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone and Adrenocorticotrophin Challenge in the Chronically Catheterized Adult Guinea-Pig

LIU

MATTHEWS

1999

Exp. Physiol.

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summaryThe guinea-pig has been used extensively to investigate adrenal steroidogenesis. However, very little is known about adrenocortical responses to corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) in this species, in vivo. In the present study, we have developed a stress-free sampling system, in the chronically catheterized adult guinea-pig, that has allowed us to investigate basal and activated adrenocortical activity. Indwelling carotid artery and jugular vein catheters were surgically implanted into female guinea-pigs (n = 5). Each animal was treated with vehicle, human CRH (0·2 or 2 ìg kg¢) and ACTH1-24 (0·2 or 2 ìg kg¢), and serial plasma samples removed for analysis of ACTH and cortisol concentrations by radioimmunoassay. There was no effect of serial sampling on pituitary-adrenocortical activity, indicating that the animals remain in an unstressed state. Basal plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations were 703·9 ± 24·5 pg ml¢ and 117·9 ± 5·2 ng ml¢, respectively. Both CRH and ACTH significantly increased adrenocortical activity in a dose-dependent manner. ACTH (2 ìg kg¢) was the most potent activator leading to plasma cortisol concentrations of 647 ± 116 ng ml¢. In conclusion, we have shown that basal plasma cortisol concentrations in the guinea-pig are low compared to those obtained in previous studies by cardiac puncture or following decapitation. However, plasma ACTH concentrations are high compared to other species. We have also shown that human CRH and ACTH1-24 act as potent activators of the guinea-pig pituitary-adrenocortical axis,

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“…Regarding the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, UE-sons reach constantly low levels of cortisol concentrations significantly later in life than SE-sons (Kaiser & Sachser, 2001). Since the regulation of the adrenocortical hormone secretion is subject to a maturation process, with young animals showing distinctly higher corticosteroid values than older ones (e.g., Dalle & Delost, 1974;Dalle, Elhani, & Delost, 1980;Good, Ely, Heiselt, Done, & Kelley, 1956;Fajer & Vogt, 1963), this indicates a delayed development of the HPA axis in UE-sons (Kaiser & Sachser, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The social environment during pregnancy and lactation shapes the behavioral and hormonal profile of male offspring in wild cavies

Siegeler

Sachser

Kaiser

2011

Developmental Psychobiology

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In mammals, the development of individual behavioral profiles can be influenced considerably by social factors during early phases of life. In guinea pigs, for instance, sons whose mothers experienced social instability during pregnancy and lactation show an infantilized behavioral profile. Here, we examined whether the same phenomenon exists also in wild cavies, the ancestor of the domestic guinea pig. Using a comparable experimental approach, our results revealed a similar behavioral infantilization as well as a delayed gonadal development of sons when their mothers had lived under unstable social conditions. These data show clearly that the behavioral and hormonal profile of male wild cavies can be shaped significantly by the social environment in which their mothers lived during pregnancy and lactation. Hence the underlying mechanisms cannot have been brought about by artificial selection during domestication. Rather, they represent maternal effects evolved through natural selection adjusting the offspring to the current environmental conditions.

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Changes in the Concentrations of Cortisol and Corticosterone in the Plasma and Adrenal Glands of the Guinea-Pig From Birth to Weaning

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Hormonal and behavioral attachment responses in infant guinea pigs

Hormonal and behavioral attachment responses in infant guinea pigs

Adrenocortical Response Profiles to Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone and Adrenocorticotrophin Challenge in the Chronically Catheterized Adult Guinea-Pig

The social environment during pregnancy and lactation shapes the behavioral and hormonal profile of male offspring in wild cavies

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