Changes in the Concentration of Markers Participating in the Regulation of the Apoptosis Receptor Pathway Involving Soluble Tumour Necrosis Factor Ligand Inducing Apoptosis (sTRAIL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the Serum of Women with Ovarian Cancer—Participation in Pathogenesis or a Possible Clinical Use?

Abstract

Due to the ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells, the most interesting target for clinical research is the tumour necrosis factor ligand inducing apoptosis (TRAIL), which binds specific receptors, including osteoprotegerin (OPG). The aim of the study was to analyse the concentration of soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) and OPG in the serum of women with serous or mucinous ovarian cancer, taking into account different levels of cancer histological differentiation. The group included 97 women with the diagnosed Cystadenocarcinoma papillare serosum IIIc and Cystadenocarcinoma mucinosum IIIc. Concentrations of parameters were measured by ELISA. Analysis of the obtained results showed a statistically significantly higher concentration of sTRAIL and OPG in the serum of women with ovarian serous and mucinous cancer compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). Statistical significance was found between sTRAIL and OPG concentration in G1 and G3 serous cancer (p < 0.01) and in OPG mucinous cancer between G1 and G3 (p < 0.01) and G2 and G3 (p < 0.01). An important role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is played by disorders of the apoptosis process involving the sTRAIL/OPG system, which are associated with the histological type and the degree of histological differentiation of the tumour. Determining the concentration of tested parameters in combination with other markers may be useful in the future in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, but that requires further research.

RETRACTED: Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Based Delivery: A Rapidly Evolving Strategy for Cancer Therapy

“…In the context of cancer’s cell-based therapy, TRAIL can be utilized either in its natural shape as a full-length and membrane-bound protein (FL-TRAIL) or as a modified shape generally termed as soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) ( Mielczarek-Palacz et al, 2020 ; Patrick et al, 2020 ) ( Table 5 ). 89 Zr-oxine labeling and positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging for tracking MSC-TRAIL biodistribution in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma xenograft models evidenced the effective delivery of MSC-TRAIL to the lungs in a murine model up to 1-week postinjection, verified through in vivo bioluminescence imaging, autoradiography, and fluorescence imaging on tissue sections ( Patrick et al, 2020 ).…”

Current Understanding of the Role of the Quadruplets in Colorectal Cancer Biology – Osteoprotegerin and its Ligands RANK/RANKL/TRAIL

“…22 It is produced by a multitude of cells, including osteoblasts, epithelial cells, 23 vascular endothelial cells, 24 smooth muscle cells, 25,26,27 fibroblasts, and cancer cells. 28 In addition to the regulation of bone integrity, OPG has been shown to play a significant role in arthritis, 29,30 cancer, 31,32 and vascularization. Furthermore, OPG levels can be induced by several factors other than estradiol and TGF, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in endothelial colony forming cells, and interleukin-13 in fibroblasts.…”