Changes in the Composition of Xylem Sap during Development of the Spadix of Skunk Cabbage (<i>Symplocarpus foetidus</i>)

Onda, Yoshihiko; Ito, Kikukatsu

doi:10.1271/bbb.69.1156

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(62 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our previous data clearly show that very large amounts of sugars and organic acids are transported from the roots to the spadices to support controlled respiratory explosions in S. renifolius (Onda and Ito 2005). Hence, the management of the UQ reduction levels during excessive substrate availability will contribute greatly to the protection of thermogenic cells from harmful reactive-oxygen species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

In vivo redox state of the ubiquinone pool in the spadices of the thermogenic skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus renifolius

et al. 2009

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In vivo ubiquinone (UQ) reduction levels were determined in thermogenic stigma and post-thermogenic male stages of spadices of the skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus renifolius. In contrast to Arum maculatum, in which the UQ pool is almost fully reduced during thermogenesis, the reduction levels of UQ9 and UQ10 were not affected by the thermogenic status or developmental stage of individual S. renifolius spadices. Moreover, these levels were controlled within the ranges 40-75% and 35-60%, respectively. These results suggest that the reduction state of the UQ pool per se is not primarily involved in thermoregulation in S. renifolius.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

In vivo redox state of the ubiquinone pool in the spadices of the thermogenic skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus renifolius

et al. 2009

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, we have previously reported that concentrations of Suc, Glc, and Fru in the xylem sap of thermogenic skunk cabbages were in the 2 to 5 mM range for each spadix fresh weight, and that a remarkable decrease in these sugars occurs in postthermogenic plants (Onda and Ito, 2005). It is thus probable that pyruvate, which is produced by glycolysis and is transported into mitochondria, would stimulate not only the SrAOX protein, which exists as a reduced monomer ( Fig.…”

Section: The Regulation Of Homeothermic Heat Production In the Spadixmentioning

confidence: 87%

Functional Coexpression of the Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase and Uncoupling Protein Underlies Thermoregulation in the Thermogenic Florets of Skunk Cabbage

et al. 2007

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two distinct mitochondrial energy dissipating systems, alternative oxidase (AOX) and uncoupling protein (UCP), have been implicated as crucial components of thermogenesis in plants and animals, respectively. To further clarify the physiological roles of AOX and UCP during homeothermic heat production in the thermogenic skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus renifolius), we identified the thermogenic cells and performed expression and functional analyses of these genes in this organism. Thermographic analysis combined with in situ hybridization revealed that the putative thermogenic cells surround the stamens in the florets of skunk cabbage and coexpress transcripts for SrAOX, encoding Symplocarpus AOX, and SrUCPb, encoding a novel UCP that lacks a fifth transmembrane segment. Mitochondria isolated from the thermogenic florets exhibited substantial linoleic acid (LA)-inducible uncoupling activities. Moreover, our results demonstrate that LA is capable of inhibiting the mitochondrial AOX pathway, whereas the proportion of pyruvate-stimulated AOX capacity was not significantly affected by LA. Intriguingly, the protein expression levels for SrAOX and SrUCPb were unaffected even when the ambient air temperatures increased from 10.3°C to 23.1°C or from 8.3°C to 24.9°C. Thus, our results suggest that functional coexpression of AOX and UCP underlies the molecular basis of heat production, and that posttranslational modifications of these proteins play a crucial role in regulating homeothermic heat production under conditions of natural ambient temperature fluctuations in skunk cabbage.Thermogenesis is a phenomenon in which the temperature of a specific floral tissue increases due to endogenous heat production. To date, thermogenesis has been reported in several species of the arum lily family (Philodendron spp.; Nagy et al., 1972;Gottsberger and Amaral, 1984; Symplocarpus spp.; Seymour and Blaylock, 1999;Ito et al., 2004;Seymour, 2004; Helicodiceros muscivorus;Seymour et al., 2003), and also in palms (Bactris gasipaes;Schroeder, 1978; Carludovica palmata;Gottsberger, 1990; Bactris spp.;Listabarth, 1996), lotus (Nelumbo spp.; Miyake, 1898; Schultze-Motel, 1996, 1998;Watling et al., 2006), cycads (Ceratozamia miqueliana and Zamia furfuracea; Skubatz et al., 1993; Macrozamia machinii;Seymour et al., 2004), and water lilies (Victria spp.; Prance and Arias, 1975;Skubatz et al., 1990).Heat production in thermogenic plants is thought to be associated with a large increase in the activity of the cyanide-resistant, nonphosphorylating electron transport pathway in mitochondria. This pathway is mediated by alternative oxidase (AOX) and is shared among plants, fungi, and nematodes (Berthold and Siedow, 1993;McIntosh, 1994;Day and Wiskich, 1995;Wagner and Krab, 1995;Moore et al., 2002;McDonald and Vanlerberghe, 2004;Clifton et al., 2006;McDonald and Vanlerberghe, 2006;Onda et al., 2007). The AOX of plant mitochondria accepts electrons from the ubiquinone pool and uses them to reduce oxygen to water, with no conservation of energy through pro...

show abstract

“…The presence of glucose seems to be an important characteristic of 3G10R in resembling xylem, since this metabolite has already been identified in the chemistry composition of xylem fluid from many plant species, such as grapevine [ 22 ], maize [ 43 ], cabbage [ 44 ], poplar [ 24 ] and oak [ 23 ], among others [ 45 ]. However, the exact glucose concentration found in the xylem sap of different plants has been shown to vary significantly, depending on the species, genotype, season, time of day, age of plants and nutritional status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis of the PhytobacteriumXylella fastidiosaGrowing under Xylem-Based Chemical Conditions

Ciraulo

Santos

Rodrigues

et al. 2010

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterium responsible for important plant diseases, like citrus-variegated chlorosis (CVC) and grapevine Pierce's disease (PD). Interestingly, in vitro growth of X. fastidiosa in chemically defined media that resemble xylem fluid has been achieved, allowing studies of metabolic processes used by xylem-dwelling bacteria to thrive in such nutrient-poor conditions. Thus, we performed microarray hybridizations to compare transcriptomes of X. fastidiosa cells grown in 3G10-R, a medium that resembles grape sap, and in Periwinkle Wilt (PW), the complex medium traditionally used to cultivate X. fastidiosa. We identified 299 transcripts modulated in response to growth in these media. Some 3G10R-overexpressed genes have been shown to be upregulated in cells directly isolated from infected plants and may be involved in plant colonization, virulence and environmental competition. In contrast, cells cultivated in PW show a metabolic switch associated with increased aerobic respiration and enhanced bacterial growth rates.

show abstract

Changes in the Composition of Xylem Sap during Development of the Spadix of Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

In vivo redox state of the ubiquinone pool in the spadices of the thermogenic skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus renifolius

In vivo redox state of the ubiquinone pool in the spadices of the thermogenic skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus renifolius

Functional Coexpression of the Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase and Uncoupling Protein Underlies Thermoregulation in the Thermogenic Florets of Skunk Cabbage

Transcriptome Analysis of the PhytobacteriumXylella fastidiosaGrowing under Xylem-Based Chemical Conditions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About