Changes in the circulating eosinophil level associated with learned fear: Conditioned eosinopenia.

Gollender, Morton; Law, O. Thomas; Isaacson, Robert L.

doi:10.1037/h0044217

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Sovetov & Chernigovskii (168 ) found that bilateral ablation of a small area of cortex thought to be the cortical field of the vagus nerve resulted in reduced amount and increased variability of a salivary reflex conditioned to a CS consisting of repetitive inflation of a gastric ba11oon. Gollender, Law & Isaacson (63) reported that an eosinopenic re-action accompanies conditioned fear, and Cook et at. A similar interoceptive CR to in testinal CS was not affected by the lesions.…”

Section: Thomasmentioning

confidence: 98%

Neurophysiology of Learning

Thomas¹

1962

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

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The neurophysiology of learning can hardly be considered separately from the larger problems of neurophysiological mechanisms subs erving be havioral reactions in general. Learning is a concept which has meaning only in terms of performance of an organism, and performance is the integrated outcome of factors from all classes of psychological variables: receptor functions, motor functions, species-specific propensities and specific instinctive acts, and factors pertaining to motivational and emotional states of the organism. Experimental manipulation of the brain can affect all classes of variables related to behavioral performance, and neither our un derstanding of neurophysiology nor the specification of behaviorally defined functions is sufficiently precise to implicate uniquely a "learning process" as the critical event relating any brain-behavior relationship. This review assumes an expedient definition of its topic and emphazies primarily those studies in which acquisition or retention of learned responses is correlated with alterations in neuroanatomical or neurophysiological states. No sys tematic coverage has been made of the growing body of research data re lating learning and effects of neurotropic pharmacological agents. Herz (80) has recently reviewed work on drugs and the conditioned avoidance re sponse e CAR).Two books especially noteworthy for students of the neurophysiology of learning were published last year. As a tri b ute and memorial to K. S. Lash ley, four of his former students and colleagues have assembled and repub lished in book form a collection of 31 of his original papers [Beach et al. e 15) ]. Brief introductions by E. G. Boring and Stanley Cobb evaluate Lashley's contributions to psychology and neurology, respectively. This volume will perform a very useful function for the student and research worker in bringing together in an easily available form some of Lashley's Q 1 The survey of literature pertai ni ng to this review was concluded in April 1961.• Abbreviations used in this chapter include: ACh (acetylcholine); ChE (cholinesterase); CAR (conditioned avoidance response); CER (conditioned emo tional response) ; CR (conditioned response) ; CS (conditioned stimulus) ; RF re ticular formation ; SD (spreading depression); UR (unconditioned response); US (unconditioned stimulus) � EEG is used to refer to recordings of electrical activity of the brain from electrodes on the scalp or from implanted electrodes on the cortex or in subcortical structures.

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Section: Thomasmentioning

confidence: 98%

Neurophysiology of Learning

Thomas¹

1962

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

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“…A number of previous workers utilizing instrumental avoidance techniques (Lubar & Perachio, 1965;McCleary, 1961;Peretz, 1960;Thomas & Slotnick, 1962) and classical conditioning procedures (Adam, Meszaros, Lehotzhy, & Nagy, 1958) have implicated the cingulate gyrus in adaptive reactions to stressful situations. The pressent study is concerned with the effects of anterior cingulate cortex lesions on conditioned eosinopenia (Gollender, Law, & Isaacson, 1960) and instrumental avoidance tasks.…”

Section: Eosinophil and Avoidance Correlates Of Stress In Anterior Ci...mentioning

confidence: 99%