Changes in the cell cycle during early amphibian development

Graham, Chris; Morgan, Richard

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(66)90024-8

Cited by 248 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A similar process was observed in the formation of mesoderm in a 7-day-old mouse embryo in which the total cell cycle increased but duration of mitosis remained the same (Solter et al 1971). Secondly, a decrease in mitotic duration may reflect an overall decrease in cell-cycle length as described by McLaren (1972) and Graham (1973). However, the above discussion has assumed that the doubling time for the whole embryo is the same as that for each cell within the embryo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Development of Preimplantation Mouse Embryos in vivo and in vitro

Harlow¹,

Quinn²

1982

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The culture conditions for the development in vitro of (C57BL/6 X CBA) F2 hybrid two-cell embryos to the blastocyst stage have been optimized. Commercially available pre-sterile disposable plastic culture dishes supported more reliable development than re-usable washed glass tubes. The presence of an oil layer reduced the variability in development. An average of 85 % of blastocysts developed from hybrid two-cell embryos cultured in drops of Whitten's medium under oil in plastic culture dishes in an atmosphere of 5% O2 : 5% CO2 : 90% N 2 • The time taken for the total cell number to double in embryos developing in vivo was 10 h, and in cultured embryos 17 h. Embryos cultured in vitro from the two-cell stage to blastocyst stage were retarded by 18-24 h in comparison with those remaining in vivo. Day-4 blastocysts in vivo contained 25-70 cells (mean 50) with 7-28 (mean 16) of these in the inner cell mass. Cultured blastocysts contained 19-73 cells (mean 44) with 8-34 (mean 19) of these in the inner cell mass. In the uterine environment, inner-cell-mass blastomeres divided at a faster rate than trophectoderm blastomeres and it is suggested that a long cell cycle is associated with terminal differentiation. Although cultured blastocysts and inner cell masses contained the same number of cells as blastocysts and inner cell masses in vivo, the rate of cell division in cultured inner cell masses was markedly reduced.Extra keyword: Cleavage.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Development of Preimplantation Mouse Embryos in vivo and in vitro

Harlow¹,

Quinn²

1982

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During the early embryonic cell cycles, Cdc2 is virtually unphosphorylated and S phase and mitosis directly follow each other without intervening gap phases (Graham and Morgan, 1966;Ferrell et al, 1991;Hartley et al, 1996). After the MBT, gap phases appear and cell division becomes asynchronous throughout the embryo.…”

Section: Geminin-depleted Cells Arrest In G2 Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Geminin Deficiency Causes a Chk1-dependent G2 Arrest inXenopus

McGarry

2002

MBoC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Geminin is an unstable inhibitor of DNA replication that gets destroyed at the metaphase/ anaphase transition. The biological function of geminin has been difficult to determine because it is not homologous to a characterized protein and has pleiotropic effects when overexpressed. Geminin is thought to prevent a second round of initiation during S or G2 phase. In some assays, geminin induces uncommitted embryonic cells to differentiate as neurons. In this study, geminin was eliminated from developing Xenopus embryos by using antisense techniques. Geminindeficient embryos show a novel and unusual phenotype: they complete the early cleavage divisions normally but arrest in G2 phase immediately after the midblastula transition. The arrest requires Chk1, the effector kinase of the DNA replication/DNA damage checkpoint pathway. The results indicate that geminin has an essential function and that loss of this function prevents entry into mitosis by a Chk1-dependent mechanism. Geminin may be required to maintain the structural integrity of the genome or it may directly down-regulate Chk1 activity. The data also show that during the embryonic cell cycles, rereplication is almost entirely prevented by gemininindependent mechanisms.

show abstract

“…Early development in X. laevis and D. melanogaster begins with a series of rapid cell divisions that quickly subdivide the fertilized egg into thousands of individual cells (2)(3)(4). These early cleavage divisions lack gap phases entirely, consisting instead of alternating rounds of S and M phases without cell growth (5). After a fixed number of such divisions, the cell cycle abruptly lengthens during the midblastula transition (MBT) 2 (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of DNA Replication by the Nucleus/Cytoplasm Ratio in Xenopus

Murphy

Michael

2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:The duration of S phase in Xenopus is controlled by the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio through unknown mechanisms. Results: Modulation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) levels controls origin firing at high nucleus/cytoplasm. Conclusion: Depletion of PP2A and its B55␣ subunit at high nucleus/cytoplasm causes an extension of S phase. Significance: This mechanism may influence cell cycle remodeling that occurs in early embryogenesis.

show abstract

Changes in the cell cycle during early amphibian development

Cited by 248 publications

References 28 publications

Development of Preimplantation Mouse Embryos in vivo and in vitro

Development of Preimplantation Mouse Embryos in vivo and in vitro

Geminin Deficiency Causes a Chk1-dependent G2 Arrest inXenopus

Control of DNA Replication by the Nucleus/Cytoplasm Ratio in Xenopus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About