Changes in the biomechanical properties of the rat interparietal suture incident to continuous tensile force application

Mechanical Influences on Suture Development and Patency

“…The rat midpalatal suture, which normally contains cartilage, is transformed to a ligamentous connection and expresses collagen I instead of collagen II, a response shown to be mediated by upregulation of β 1 integrin and the reorganization of the cytoskeleton [61]. As might be expected, expansion lowers sutural stiffness [29]. Stretching mouse sagittal sutures for 2 weeks caused the upregulation of not only type I collagen, but also alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin, probably by osteoblasts [59].…”

“…Thus their mechanical properties are nonlinear and influenced by loading rate and duration as fluid is forced out of the sutural space and collagen fibers are rearranged [29]. Probably because the fibers are usually organized to resist either predominantly compression or tension, mechanical properties can be quite different depending on the direction of loading [27].…”

“…Quasi-static tensile loads have been applied in vivo to the sagittal suture of rats and mice [29,[57][58][59], the internasal suture of rabbits [60], and the interpremaxillary and intermaxillary sutures of rats and macaques [61][62][63][64][65]. The latter imitates a common orthodontic treatment, rapid palatal expansion.…”

Age-dependent properties and quasi-static strain in the rat sagittal suture

“…Jaslow (1990) used three-point bending and impact tests to determine the bending strength and impact energy absorption of cranial sutures taken from goats ranging from one to nine years of age. Other investigations have used three-point bending tests, uniaxial tension tests, and atomic force microscopy to determine biomechanical properties of pig, rat, and rabbit sutures (Margulies and Thibault, 2000;McLaughlin et al, 2000;Radhakrishnan and Mao, 2004;Tanaka et al, 2000;Wiesmann et al, 1998), but these investigations have been limited to single time points, rather than age ranges. In addition, quasi-static sutural strain has not yet been measured in vivo and the magnitude and behavior of this strain in humans has only recently been calculated theoretically (Henderson et al, 2004).…”

Strain‐rate effect on the biomechanical response of bovine temporomandibular joint disk under compression

“…In general, the stress-strain relation of connective tissue is nonlinear, as has been found in previous studies using the interparietal suture, 13 intervertebral disk, 14 articular disk, 2,7,9 and so on. Furthermore, Haut and Little 15 developed a constitutive equation for collagen fibers based on the quasi-linear viscoelastic law suggested by Fung, 16 and they found that the elastic stress-strain relation for collagen fibers in rat tails represented as a simple square power.…”