Changes in the Basal Metabolic Rate of the Malnourished Infant and Their Relation to Body Composition

Montgomery, R. D.

doi:10.1172/jci104622

Cited by 94 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Since the actual weight, not height or ideal weight, was generating the metabolic rate, its observed high value can be related to a difference in body composition, rather than to a difference in cell metabolism. A similar observation [34] in infants recovering from starvation has been cited (cf. part 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Further evidence in support of this view may be adduced from the observation on BMR during recovery from starvation [34]. BMR/kg actual body weight is below normal in children with protein depletion (kwashiorkor) and within normal range in children with calorie deprivation as a result of starvation (marasmus) .…”

Section: Postulate 1 Most Of the Bmr Of An Organism Is Derived From mentioning

confidence: 92%

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The Relation of Metabolic Rate to Body Weight and Organ Size

et al. 1967

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Postulate 1 Most Of the Bmr Of An Organism Is Derived From mentioning

confidence: 92%

The Relation of Metabolic Rate to Body Weight and Organ Size

et al. 1967

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“…A similar analogy exists in the data of MONTGOMERY [39] which show that the normal or reduced metabolic rate per kilogram present in postnatal malnutrition rises in a striking manner during the recovery or reparitive phase of the disorder. Concurrent and serial studies of metabolic and fluid compartments, essential to evalute this question, are currently under consideration by SINCLAIR [51].…”

supporting

confidence: 70%

Bromide Space Studies in Infants of Low Birth Weight

Cassady

1970

Pediatr Res

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The present study reports measurements of the corrected bromide space (CBS) in 74 neonates delivered vaginally and studied within 24 h of birth. The results in 37 normally grown (NG) infants ranging in birth weight from 960 to 3,540 g with gestational intervals of 27-43 weeks are contrasted with findings in 37 intrauterine growth-retarded infants (IGR) ranging from 1,000 to 2,460 g in birth weight with gestational intervals of 35-44 weeks.Although a direct relation exists between CBS (liters) and a variety of variables of fetal maturity in both NG and IGR infants, the CBS in both groups would appear best related to birth weight. The corrected bromide space of the IGR was virtually identical with that of their weight peers, there being no significant difference in the regression for CBS versus birth weight in the two groups. Log-log plot of this relation yields a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.98, and may be expressed as:log CBS (liters) = 0.92 X log wt (kg) -0.371 Closer inspection of this relation revealed that an unequal distribution, with preponderance of values below the regression line at higher birth weights, was apparent. This 'tail off' suggested a curvilinear relation of CBS with increasing birth weight, and was even more apparent when the CBS data were expressed as percentage of bcdy weight (ml/kg). The mean CBS/kg in NG prematures (424±SE 7.5 ml/kg) was clearly higher (P<0.001) than in mature study infants (376±SE 8.4 ml/kg). Likewise, the average CBS/kg in the mature IGR (419±SE 11.3 ml/kg) was significantly higher (P<0.025) than the mean for the NG infants (376±SE 8.4 ml/kg). Comparison of data from NG and IGR infants revealed that 3 of 10 premature infants and 10 of 27 mature IGR infants have a CBS/kg more than 2 SD above the mean in NG infants; a CBS in excess of 476 ml/kg was observed in 11 study infants, all but 1 of whom were IGR. Speculation

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“…The reduction in oxygen consumption of the residual active tissues has been variously attributed to depressed cellular respiration (Nichols et al, 1968). However there are reports that suggest that MR is in fact increased in marasmic children (Talbot, 1921;Montgomery, 1962b;Monckeberg et al, 1964). Both Montgomery (1962b) and Monckeberg et al (1964) found MRakg body weight elevated in marasmic infants and the former attributed this difference to changes in the body composition seen during malnutrition.…”

Section: Basal Metabolic Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However there are reports that suggest that MR is in fact increased in marasmic children (Talbot, 1921;Montgomery, 1962b;Monckeberg et al, 1964). Both Montgomery (1962b) and Monckeberg et al (1964) found MRakg body weight elevated in marasmic infants and the former attributed this difference to changes in the body composition seen during malnutrition. No attempt has been made to provide data on MR in marginally undernourished infants or children.…”

Section: Basal Metabolic Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation to low energy intakes: the responses and limits to low intakes in infants, children and adults

1999

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Reduction in energy intake below the acceptable level of requirement for an individual results in a series of physiological and behavioural responses, which are considered as an adaptation to the low energy intake. This ability of the human body to adapt to a lowering of the energy intake is without doubt bene®cial to the survival of the individual. However, what is more controversial is the view held by some that the body can metabolically adapt in a bene®cial manner to a lowered intake and consequently that the requirements for energy are variable given the same body size and composition and physical activity levels. Much of this confusion is the result of considerable evidence from studies conducted in well-nourished adults who, for experimental or other reasons, have lowered their intakes and consequently demonstrated an apparently enhanced metabolic ef®ciency resulting from changes in metabolic rates which are disproportionate to the changes in body weight. Similar increases in metabolic ef®ciency are not readily seen in individuals who on long-term marginal intakes, probably from childhood, have developed into short-statured, low-body-weight adults with a different body composition. It would thus appear that the generally used indicator of metabolic ef®ciency in humans, that is a reduced oxygen consumption per unit fat free mass, is fraught with problems since it does not account for variations in contributions from sub-compartments of the fat free mass which include those with high metabolism at rest such as brain and viscera and those with low metabolism at rest such as muscle mass. Metabolic rate per unit fat free mass thus, does not re¯ect true variations in metabolic ef®ciency and is due largely to variations in body composition. This ®nding combined with the evidence that behavioural adaptation in habitual physical activity patterns which occurs on energy restriction is not necessarily bene®cial to the individual raises doubts about the role of adaptation to low intakes in determining one's requirement for energy. The evidence is overwhelming that both in children and adults, changes in body size and composition as well as in levels of habitual physical activity may be the most important consequences of a lowered energy intake and cannot be assumed to be a part of a bene®cial adaptation that in¯uences energy requirements.

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Changes in the Basal Metabolic Rate of the Malnourished Infant and Their Relation to Body Composition

Cited by 94 publications

References 23 publications

The Relation of Metabolic Rate to Body Weight and Organ Size

The Relation of Metabolic Rate to Body Weight and Organ Size

Bromide Space Studies in Infants of Low Birth Weight

Adaptation to low energy intakes: the responses and limits to low intakes in infants, children and adults

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