Changes in the amplitude and timing of the hemodynamic response associated with prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle

Goldman, Michael; Heidinger, Linda; Kulkarni, Kedar; Zhu, David C.; Chien, Andrew; McLaren, Donald G.; Shah, Javeed A.; Coffey, C. Edward; Sharif, Sadia; Chen, E. Elinor; Uftring, S. J.; Small, Steven L.; Solodkin, Ana; Pilla, Ramani S.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.04.228

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…It involves the anterior cingulate cortex, the cerebellum, and the thalamus/striatum as well. This replicates the results of prior neuroimaging studies [Campbell et al, 2007;Goldman et al, 2006;Hazlett et al, 1998Hazlett et al, , 2001Hazlett et al, , 2008Kumari et al, 2003a,b,c].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…More precisely, the pulse alone (PA) is regarded as ''default'' or control condition, whereas it is assumed that both prepulses (PPI and PPF) engage brain areas more than the PA does. Based on the results of animal research [Braff et al, 2001] and available neuroimaging studies we hypothesize a pontine network connecting via thalamus and striatum to prefrontal, parietal, and temporal cortical areas [Goldman et al, 2006;Hazlett et al, 1998Hazlett et al, , 2001Kumari et al, 2003aKumari et al, ,b,c, 2007. This network will receive additional contributions from the cerebellum, the hippocampus, amygdala, insula, and cingulate cortex [Braff et al, 2001;Campbell et al, 2007;Goldman et al, 2006;Hazlett et al, 1998Hazlett et al, , 2001Hazlett et al, , 2008Kumari et al, 2003a,b,c;Timmann et al, 1998].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison to electrophysiological studies, only few neuroimaging studies using fMRI and PET to investigate the startle reflex and its modification have been carried out so far [Campbell et al, 2007;Goldman et al, 2006;Hazlett et al, 1998Hazlett et al, , 2001Hazlett et al, , 2008Kumari et al, 2003a,b]. Most studies focus on the neural correlates of PPI reporting a complex neural network made up of a primary pontine circuitry that interconnects with inferior parietal, superior temporal, and prefrontal cortices via thalamus and striatum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrophysiology meets fMRI: Neural correlates of the startle reflex assessed by simultaneous EMG–fMRI data acquisition

Neuner¹,

Stöcker²,

Kellermann³

et al. 2010

Human Brain Mapping

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The startle reflex provides a unique tool for the investigation of sensorimotor gating and information processing. Simultaneous EMG-fMRI acquisition (i.e., online stimulation and recording in the MR environment) allows for the quantitative assessment of the neuronal correlates of the startle reflex and its modulations on a single trial level. This serves as the backbone for a startle response informed fMRI analysis, which is fed by data acquired in the same brain at the same time. We here present the first MR study using a single trial approach with simultaneous acquired EMG and fMRI data on the human startle response in 15 healthy young men. It investigates the neural correlates for isolated air puff startle pulses (PA), prepulse-pulse inhibition (PPI), and prepulse facilitation (PPF). We identified a common core network engaged by all three conditions (PA, PPI, and PPF), consisting of bilateral primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, right insula, right thalamus, right temporal pole, middle cingulate cortex, and cerebellum. The cerebellar vermis exhibits distinct activation patterns between the startle modifications. It is differentially activated with the highest amplitude for PPF, a lower activation for PA, and lowest for PPI. The orbital frontal cortex exhibits a differential activation pattern, not for the type of startle response but for the amplitude modification. For pulse alone it is close to zero; for PPI it is activated. This is in contrast to PPF where it shows deactivation. In addition, the thalamus, the cerebellum, and the anterior cingulate cortex add to the modulation of the startle reflex.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electrophysiology meets fMRI: Neural correlates of the startle reflex assessed by simultaneous EMG–fMRI data acquisition

Neuner¹,

Stöcker²,

Kellermann³

et al. 2010

Human Brain Mapping

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Human studies investigating neural brain correlates of PPI are sparse, and conclusions drawn from their findings are constrained by methodological differences (e.g., auditory or tactile PPI paradigms, functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI] or structural MRI, inclusion or exclusion of women), methodological limitations 12 and by discrepancies in the results across the studies. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Nevertheless, PPI has generally been found to be associated with regions within the forebrain: the thalamus; striatum; globus pallidus; hippocampus; insula; and the temporal, parietal and frontal cortices. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Many of the aforementioned brain regions supposedly involved in the regulation of PPI have been shown to be affected in patients with schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Nevertheless, PPI has generally been found to be associated with regions within the forebrain: the thalamus; striatum; globus pallidus; hippocampus; insula; and the temporal, parietal and frontal cortices. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Many of the aforementioned brain regions supposedly involved in the regulation of PPI have been shown to be affected in patients with schizophrenia. Studies using MRI techniques with region-of-interest (ROI)-based volume measurements have, among others, found grey matter volume changes in the thalamus; basal ganglia; hippocampus; and the temporal, parietal and frontal cortices in medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural brain correlates of sensorimotor gating in antipsychotic-naive men with first-episode schizophrenia

Hammer

Oranje

Skimminge

et al. 2013

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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Simultaneous EMG–fMRI during startle inhibition in monosymptomatic enuresis—an exploratory study

et al. 2012

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Evidence is growing that monosymptomatic enuresis (ME) is a maturational disorder of the central nervous system with a lack of arousal and lacking inhibition of the micturition reflex. Previous studies have shown a significant reduction of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle in children with enuresis. However, it is still unclear whether the abnormal PPI in enuresis is based on an inhibitory deficit at brainstem or cortical level. Nine children with ME and ten healthy children were investigated using simultaneous recording of EMG from the M. orbicularis oculi and functional MRI. The experimental paradigm consisted of acoustic startle stimulation, with startle-alone stimuli and prepulse-startle combinations. Functional MRI data were processed using multiple regression and parametric modulation with startle amplitudes as a parameter. Neither patients with enuresis nor healthy children revealed measurable PPI in the MRI scanner. Startle stimuli caused equal hemodynamic changes in the acoustic cortex, medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex in both groups. The amplitude of startle correlated with more prominent BOLD signal changes in the anterior cingulate cortex in healthy subjects than in patients with ME. This pronounced frontal activation in healthy controls was related to the PPI condition, indicating that the prefrontal cortex of healthy children was activated more strongly to inhibit startle than in patients with ME. In conclusion, apart from the possibility that recordings of PPI inside the MRI scanner may be compromised by methodological problems, the results of this study suggest that high cortical control mechanisms at the prefrontal level are relevant for the pathogenesis of ME.

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Changes in the amplitude and timing of the hemodynamic response associated with prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle

Cited by 16 publications

References 55 publications

Electrophysiology meets fMRI: Neural correlates of the startle reflex assessed by simultaneous EMG–fMRI data acquisition

Electrophysiology meets fMRI: Neural correlates of the startle reflex assessed by simultaneous EMG–fMRI data acquisition

Structural brain correlates of sensorimotor gating in antipsychotic-naive men with first-episode schizophrenia

Simultaneous EMG–fMRI during startle inhibition in monosymptomatic enuresis—an exploratory study

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