“…Meanwhile, ACh has been recently identified in a number of non-neuronal tissues in animals, fungi, bacteria, and plants (Wessler et al, 2001;Horiuchi et al, 2003). Although plants lack a nervous system, both ACh and ACh-hydrolyzing activity have been widely recognized in the plant kingdom (Evans, 1972;Jaffe, 1974a, 1974b;Hartmann and Kilbinger, 1974;Verbeek and Vendrig, 1977;Lees et al, 1978;Momonoki and Momonoki, 1991). The ACh-hydrolyzing activities in plant tissues can be measured by the appearance of radioactive acetate following [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] C]ACh hydrolysis (Momonoki, 1992), by the appearance of thiol group following acetylthiocholine (ASCh) hydrolysis (Momonoki, 1997), and by histochemical detection of ASCh hydrolysis (Momonoki, 1997;Momonoki et al, 1998).…”