Changes in Stored Glycogen and Lipid Associated with Diapause of the Adult Boll Weevil, Anthonomus grandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)12

Temperature Influences on Diapause Induction and Survival in the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

“…These collective reports suggest that apparent differences in the diapause response of temperate and subtropical boll weevils may be caused by regional differences in temperatures during phases of the cotton production season; specifically, late-season temperatures during those periods when diapause would be induced. Although numerous studies have examined aspects of the diapause response under different temperatures or at different adult ages ( Lambremont 1961 , Earle and Newsom 1964 , Betz and Lambremont 1967 , Harris et al 1969 , Tingle and Lloyd 1969 , Cole and Adkisson 1983 , Wagner and Villavaso 1999 ), none of these studies were designed to examine the individual or interactive effects of temperature or adult age on the perceived diapause response nor to associate observed levels of diapause with subsequent host-free survival. In most cases, lack of standardized methods or systematic control of both temperature and weevil age at the time of diapause assessment likely led to confounding of these effects ( Spurgeon and Raulston 2006 ).…”

Diapause Response of the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Feeding Period Duration and Cotton Square Size

“…However, most reports have focused on the various environmental cues inducing diapause such as photoperiod, temperature, diet, or some combination of these factors ( Earle and Newsom 1964 , Lloyd et al 1967 , Cobb and Bass 1968 , Mangum et al 1968 , Tingle and Lloyd 1969 , Sterling 1972 , Carter and Phillips 1973 , Wagner and Villavaso 1999 ). Most investigators appear to have accepted photoperiod as an important cue inducing diapause in the boll weevil, and physiological studies of diapause have often featured experimental weevils induced into diapause by photoperiod, either alone or in combination with another factor ( Lambremont et al 1964 , Nettles and Betz 1965 , Betz and Lambremont 1967 , Nettles et al 1972 , Mitlin and Wiygul 1976 , Taub-Montemayor et al 1997a , b). Other reports have questioned either the primary role of photoperiod in diapause induction ( Carter and Phillips 1973 , Keeley et al 1977 ) or the larger set of putative determinants of diapause including photoperiod ( Rummel and Summy 1997 ).…”

“…Earlier reports reflect a variety of adult ages at diapause assessment. Although numerous studies assessed diapause at 2 wk of age, the temperatures among or within those studies varied from 21 to 32°C ( Lambremont 1961 , Earle and Newsom 1964 , Betz and Lambremont 1967 , Harris et al 1969 ). Other investigators used feeding periods as short as 7 or 10 d before diapause assessment ( Mangum et al 1968 , McCoy et al 1968 , Carter and Phillips 1974 , Mitlin and Wiygul 1976 ) or as long as 20–35 d under a variety of constant and fluctuating temperature regimes ( McCoy et al 1968 , Tingle and Lloyd 1969 , Jenkins et al 1972 , Cole and Adkisson 1983 ).…”