Changes in Socio-Economic Inequality in Neonatal Mortality in Iran Between 1995-2000 and 2005-2010: An Oaxaca Decomposition Analysis

Rarani, Mostafa Amini; Rashidian, Arash; Khosravi, Ardeshir; Arab, Mohammad; Abbasian, Ezatollah; Morasae, Esmaeil Khedmati

doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.127

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…is similar to that reported by Chao and Amini Rarani [24,25] concerning reduction in U5MR. Those researchers report absolute disparities among low-and middle-income countries and show the consequences of social policies in reducing inequalities in Iran.…”

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confidence: 92%

Under five and infant mortality in Chile (1990-2016): Trends, disparities, and causes of death

et al. 2020

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Background Child health has been a health policy priority for more than a century in Chile. Since 2000, new health and intersectoral interventions have been implemented. However, no recent analyses have explored child mortality and equity in Chile, an indispensable input to guide policies towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, specially, in the context of a deeply unequal country such as many other Latin American countries. Thus, the objectives of this study are to analyze the variations in the risk and the causes of death among Chilean children aged <5 years, to identify the determinants, and to measure inequality of infant mortality from 1990 to 2016. Materials and methods An observational study was conducted to analyze the Chilean children's mortality from 1990 to 2016 using under five deaths and live births data from the Vital Statistics System. To describe the variation in the risk of death, a time series analysis was performed for each of the under five mortality rate components. A comparative cause of death analysis was developed for Neonatal and 1-59 months' age groups. The determinants of infant mortality were studied with a descriptive analysis of yearly rates according to mother's and child factors and bivariate logistic regression models at the individual level. Finally, simple and complex measures of inequality at individual level were estimated considering three-year periods. Results Regarding under 5 mortality: (i) Child survival has improved substantially in the last three decades, with a rapid decline in under five mortality rate between 1990 and 2001, followed by a slower reduction; (ii) early neonatal mortality has become the main component of the under five mortality rate (50.6%); (iii) congenital abnormalities have positioned as the leading cause of death; (iv) an important increase in live births below 1,000 grs. Regarding infant

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confidence: 92%

Under five and infant mortality in Chile (1990-2016): Trends, disparities, and causes of death

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, following the method of Yiengprugsawan et al., a generalized linear model was used to estimate the coefficients and decompose the inequality in preterm delivery. A generalized linear model, in comparison with other regression models, leads to valid coefficient estimates that do not change based on the choice of reference groups in analyses …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition of socioeconomic inequalities in preterm deliveries in Tehran, Iran

Omani-Samani

Mansournia

Almasi‐Hashiani

et al. 2017

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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Objective: To investigate associations between economic inequality in preterm delivery. Methods:The present secondary analysis included cross-sectional data collected in interviews with patients following delivery at 103 hospitals in Tehran, Iran, between July 6 and 21, 2015. Principal component analysis was used to measure the socioeconomic status of participants and the concentration index was used to measure inequalities in preterm delivery among patients of different socioeconomic status.Results: Data were included from 5170 patients. The concentration index for preterm delivery was 0.087 (95% confidence interval 0.036-0.134), indicating that preterm deliveries were concentrated among patients with higher socioeconomic status.Higher socioeconomic status (94%), younger maternal age (29%), younger paternal age (21%), and being a homemaker (17%) had the highest positive contributions to the measured inequalities in preterm deliveries; vaginal delivery (-58%) had the highest negative contribution. Conclusion:Preterm deliveries were distributed unequally among the study patients in Iran, and were concentrated among patients of higher socioeconomic status.Alongside future etiological studies, reproductive programs in Iran should focus on this population to redress the observed inequality. K E Y W O R D S

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“…For the first time in Iran, the concentration index and decomposition method was used to analyze the socio-economic inequalities in child mortality at the national level and with regard to the provinces (10). Later, other researchers in Iran used this method to analyze socioeconomic inequalities in mental health (11), the extent of using health care (12), and in mortality of children under five years of age (13). However, no study has ever been carried out to assess the socio-economic inequality in malnutrition of under-five-year-old children in Iran and to determine the factors affecting this inequality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decomposition Analysis of Inequality in Malnutrition among Under-Five Children in Iran: Findings from Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey, 2010

Kia

Goodarzi

Asadi

et al. 2019

ijph

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Background: Nutritional status at the early stages of children’s lives is essential for growth and development not only in infancy but also in adult life. This study aimed to measure the inequality in malnutrition among under-five children in Iran and explore the impact of socioeconomic factors on this inequality using a regression-based decomposition approach. Methods: Data were extracted from Iran's Multiple-Indicator Demographic and Health Survey 2010. The concentration index of stunting, underweight, and wasting were applied in order to measure the magnitude of socioeconomic inequality in child malnutrition. Moreover, the concentration indices were decomposed to understand the contribution of socioeconomic variables in childhood malnutrition inequality. Results: The obtained concentration indices of stunting, underweight, and wasting were respectively -0.177, -0.092, and -0.031. Socioeconomic inequality in stunting and underweight was statistically significant, however this socioeconomic gradient was not observed in wasting. More than 50% of the inequality in stunting and about 63% of the inequality in underweight were influenced by socioeconomic status. Furthermore, maternal education was associated with 19% and 22% of inequality in stunting and underweight respectively. Conclusion: The average reduction of malnutrition indices at the national level hides the burden of malnutrition among children in poor families. If government and policymakers seek to solve this problem, they have to take direct and targeted actions to eliminate the existing inequalities in the socioeconomic determinants associated with malnutrition.

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Changes in Socio-Economic Inequality in Neonatal Mortality in Iran Between 1995-2000 and 2005-2010: An Oaxaca Decomposition Analysis

Cited by 37 publications

References 32 publications

Under five and infant mortality in Chile (1990-2016): Trends, disparities, and causes of death

Under five and infant mortality in Chile (1990-2016): Trends, disparities, and causes of death

Decomposition of socioeconomic inequalities in preterm deliveries in Tehran, Iran

A Decomposition Analysis of Inequality in Malnutrition among Under-Five Children in Iran: Findings from Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey, 2010

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