Changes in Skin Barrier Function after Repeated Exposition to Phospholipid-Based Surfactants and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate In Vivo and Corneocyte Surface Analysis by Atomic Force Microscopy

Abstract

(1) Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of pure lecithins in comparison to a conventional surfactant on skin in vivo. (2) Methods: Physiological skin parameters were evaluated at the beginning and the end of the study (day 1 and day 4) (n = 8, healthy forearm skin) with an Aquaflux®, skin-pH-Meter, Corneometer® and an Epsilon® sensor. Confocal Raman spectroscopy was employed to monitor natural moisturizing factor, urea and water content of the participants’ skin. Tape strips of treated skin sites were taken and the collected corneocytes were subjected to atomic force microscopy. Circular nano objects were counted, and dermal texture indices were determined. (3) Results: Transepidermal water loss was increased, and skin hydration was decreased after treatment with SDS and LPC80. Natural moisturizing factor and urea concentrations within the outermost 10 µm of the stratum corneum were lower than after treatment with S75 or water. Dermal texture indices of skin treated with SDS were higher than skin treated with water (control). (4) Conclusions: Results suggest very good (S75) or good (LPC80) skin-tolerability of lecithin-based surfactants in comparison to SDS and encourage further investigation.

Skin Cleansing without or with Compromise: Soaps and Syndets

“…Like any other conventional surfactants, they are amphiphatic molecules that constitute a diverse group of compounds characterised by a structure made up of phospholipids (e.g., lecithin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol), proteins or protein hydrolysates [ 36 ] and saponins [ 36 , 65 ]. Recently, it was reported that lecithin can be useful as a skin-friendly surfactant for application in skin care products [ 66 ]. Its impact on skin barrier function was found to be considerably lower than that of strong, conventional anionic surfactants such as harsh sodium lauryl sulfate/sodium dodecyl sulfate.…”

“…Its impact on skin barrier function was found to be considerably lower than that of strong, conventional anionic surfactants such as harsh sodium lauryl sulfate/sodium dodecyl sulfate. Thus, its use on sensitive skin with pre-existing conditions such as eczema can be considered and should be explored further [ 66 ].…”

Development, Characterization, and Clinical Investigation of a New Topical Emulsion System Containing a Castanea sativa Spiny Burs Active Extract

“…The large difference between the relative dielectric constant of water (εr = 81 C 2 /Nm 2 ) and other substances of the skin (εr < 7C 2 /Nm 2 ) is the basis of the measurement. Changes in the dielectric properties, depending on the surface water content, are registered when the first layer of the skin comes into the scattered field of the condenser, and are converted in arbitrary Corneometer ® units (higher values correspond to better hydrated skin) [19,[32][33][34].…”

“…For cosmetic and dermatological research purposes or in medical practice, the mechanical properties (elasticity and firmness) and other parameters of the skin layers (such as hydration, transepithelial water loss, sebum, and melanin level) can be quantitatively evaluated by the specific probes of the Cutometer MultiProbe Adapter (MPA) 580 modular system. The effectiveness of a new product on wrinkles' profile, depth, and the surface can be examined through the fringe projection and 3D images of the skin topography acquired, without any contact, by an innovative device (DermaTop) [19][20][21].…”

Overview of workers hand skin hydration levels on tofu maker at the tofu factory in Matraman district, East Jakarta

“…Workers at the factory are in direct contact with the materials used in the tofu manufacture without protective equipment so that they have the risk of dermatitis (Badriah & Heriana, 2020). Damage skin components, such as moisturizing factor (NMF) and intercellular lipids consequences of irritants increase the TEWL and cause the skin to become dehydrated and if left unchecked (Vater et al, 2021), it will cause disease complaint, such as DKI. According to the explanation above (Makmur, 2022), added with the absence of data on the hydration levels of hand skin in tofu factory workers in Matraman District, East Jakarta, the researchers are interested in conducting research on the skin overview hydration levels in the hand skin of tofu factory workers in its area (Simpson, 2019).…”