Changes in saliva proteins in two conditions of compromised welfare in pigs: An experimental induced stress by nose snaring and lameness

Escribano, Damián; Horvatić, Anita; Contreras-Aguilar, María Dolores; Guillemin, Nicolas; Cerón, José J.; Tecles, Fernando; Martínez-Miró, Silvia; Eckersall, P.D.; Manteca, Xavier; Mrljak, Vladimir

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.06.008

Cited by 19 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Increases in muscle and hepatic enzymes (CK, AST, ALP, GGT and LDH) were detected at farrowing, and triglycerides increased at the end of gestation and remained at high concentrations until the end of lactation [ 46 ]. In particular, LDH is also increased in situations of reduced welfare in pigs [ 68 ]. In other species such as dogs, increases in urea and creatinine in saliva have been described in cases of renal failure [ 69 ] and increases in CK in muscle damage [ 67 ].…”

Section: Future Perspectives: the Concept Of Sialochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Basics for the potential use of saliva to evaluate stress, inflammation, immune system, and redox homeostasis in pigs

et al. 2022

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The use of saliva as a biological sample has many advantages, being especially relevant in pigs where the blood collection is highly stressful and painful, both for the animal and the staff in charge of the sampling. Currently one of the main uses of saliva is for diagnosis and detection of infectious diseases, but the saliva can also be used to measure biomarkers that can provide information of stress, inflammation, immune response and redox homeostasis. This review will be focused on the analytes that can be used for such evaluations. Emphasis will be given in providing data of practical use about their physiological basis, how they can be measured, and their interpretation. In addition, some general rules regarding sampling and saliva storage are provided and the concept of sialochemistry will be addressed. There is still a need for more data and knowledge for most of these biomarkers to optimize their use, application, and interpretation. However, this review provides updated data to illustrate that besides the detection of pathogens in saliva, additional interesting applicative information regarding pigs´ welfare and health can be obtained from this fluid. Information that can potentially be applied to other animal species as well as to humans.

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Section: Future Perspectives: the Concept Of Sialochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Basics for the potential use of saliva to evaluate stress, inflammation, immune system, and redox homeostasis in pigs

et al. 2022

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“…Any associated long-term pain could contribute to stress both physiologically and psychologically ( 30 , 41 , 122 ). Physiological stress resulting from lameness is evident in studies which measured cortisol (salivary, hair), acute phase protein levels, and various salivary stress biomarker proteins (salivary α-amylase, salivary lactate dehydrogenase), with significantly higher levels of such stress related indicators in lame than non-lame animals ( 30 , 41 , 42 ). In addition, lameness also reduces reproductive performance ( 122 ); lame sows displayed delays in post-weaning oestrous, and had smaller litter sizes compared to non-lame sows ( 128 ).…”

Section: Risk Factors For Chronic Stress In Pregnant Sowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are numerous aspects of the physical and social environment to which sows are continuously subjected throughout gestation, which could act as potential risk factors for chronic stress. These include space allowance ( 36 , 37 ), group size and type [stable/dynamic; ( 38 )], feeding level ( 39 , 40 ), lameness ( 30 , 41 , 42 ), pen design ( 4 , 43 ), feed system ( 23 , 44 ), enrichment and rooting material ( 1 , 45 ), floor type ( 46 – 48 ), quality of stockmanship ( 49 , 50 ), environmental conditions ( 51 ), and certain individual sow factors ( 52 , 53 ). The aim of this review is to discuss such factors in terms of their ability to induce chronic stress in sows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Chronic Stress in Sows Housed in Groups, and Associated Risks of Prenatal Stress in Their Offspring

2022

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Chronic stress has a detrimental effect on sow welfare and productivity, as well as on the welfare and resilience of their piglets, mediated prenatally. Despite this, the specific risk factors for chronic stress in pregnant sows are understudied. Group-housed pregnant sows continuously face numerous challenges associated with aspects of the physical (group type and size, flooring, feeding system) and social (stocking density, mixing strategy) environment. There are many well-known potent stressors for pigs that likely contribute to chronic, physiological stress, including overcrowding, hot temperatures, feed restriction, inability to forage, uncomfortable floors, and poor handling. Some of these stressors also contribute to the development of production diseases such as lameness, which in turn are also likely causes of chronic stress because of the associated pain and difficulty accessing resources. The aim of this review is to discuss potential risk factors for chronic stress in pregnant sows such as space allowance, group size and type (stable/dynamic), feeding level, lameness, pen design, feed system, enrichment and rooting material, floor type, the quality of stockmanship, environmental conditions, and individual sow factors. The mechanisms of action of both chronic and prenatal stress, as well as the effects of the latter on offspring are also discussed. Gaps in existing research and recommendations for future work are outlined.

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“…Studying the proteome associated with pre-slaughter stress in ruminants yielded a range of candidate proteins that underlie the conversion of muscle to dark, firm and dry muscle [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. Specific findings in pigs, such as on heat stress [ 53 , 54 , 55 ], tail docking [ 56 ], confined housing [ 47 ], physical restraining [ 57 ], road transport [ 58 ] and inflammatory state [ 59 ] have potential to be applied to the stress response in pigs ( Figure 2 ). The main neuroendocrine factors that are currently used as biomarkers describing the acute stress response are cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) for the HPA axis, and adrenaline, noradrenaline, and chromogranin A for the SAM system, typically measured in blood or saliva [ 45 ].…”

Section: Biomarkers For Stress Resilience In Farm Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omics Application in Animal Science—A Special Emphasis on Stress Response and Damaging Behaviour in Pigs

Kasper

Ribeiro

Almeida

et al. 2020

Genes

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Increasing stress resilience of livestock is important for ethical and profitable meat and dairy production. Susceptibility to stress can entail damaging behaviours, a common problem in pig production. Breeding animals with increased stress resilience is difficult for various reasons. First, studies on neuroendocrine and behavioural stress responses in farm animals are scarce, as it is difficult to record adequate phenotypes under field conditions. Second, damaging behaviours and stress susceptibility are complex traits, and their biology is not yet well understood. Dissecting complex traits into biologically better defined, heritable and easily measurable proxy traits and developing biomarkers will facilitate recording these traits in large numbers. High-throughput molecular technologies (“omics”) study the entirety of molecules and their interactions in a single analysis step. They can help to decipher the contributions of different physiological systems and identify candidate molecules that are representative of different physiological pathways. Here, we provide a general overview of different omics approaches and we give examples of how these techniques could be applied to discover biomarkers. We discuss the genetic dissection of the stress response by different omics techniques and we provide examples and outline potential applications of omics tools to understand and prevent outbreaks of damaging behaviours.

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Changes in saliva proteins in two conditions of compromised welfare in pigs: An experimental induced stress by nose snaring and lameness

Abstract: Enlighten-Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Changes in saliva proteins in two conditions of compromised welfare in pigs: an experimental induced stress by nose snaring and lameness

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Basics for the potential use of saliva to evaluate stress, inflammation, immune system, and redox homeostasis in pigs

Basics for the potential use of saliva to evaluate stress, inflammation, immune system, and redox homeostasis in pigs

Risk Factors for Chronic Stress in Sows Housed in Groups, and Associated Risks of Prenatal Stress in Their Offspring

Omics Application in Animal Science—A Special Emphasis on Stress Response and Damaging Behaviour in Pigs

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