Changes in Saliva Analytes in Dairy Cows during Peripartum: A Pilot Study

Contreras-Aguilar, María Dolores; Vallejo-Mateo, P.J.; Lamy, Elsa; Escribano, Damián; Cerón, José J.; Tecles, Fernando; Rubio, Camila Peres

doi:10.3390/ani11030749

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The TAC analytes (FRAS/FRAP, CUPRAC, and TEAC) and the biomarker of oxidant status AOPP were measured by assays previously adapted to automated analysers and used for measurements in saliva and serum of different veterinary species such as pigs, sheep, or cows [ 7 , 24 , 25 ]. The ratio AOPP/albumin was calculated and reported since it has been described in humans and cows that AOPP is derived predominantly from serum albumin, and this ratio proved to be a more sensitive indicator of oxidative stress [ 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Oxidative Status Biomarkers in Saliva and Serum in the Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome and Colic of Intestinal Aetiology: A Pilot Study

Contreras-Aguilar

Rubio

González-Arostegui

et al. 2022

Animals

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Changes in the oxidative status of the blood of horses suffering from gastric ulcers and colic of intestinal aetiology (CIE) have been reported. However, saliva can also be a source of biomarkers of oxidative status. Therefore, this study aims to validate automated assays for the measurement of oxidative status biomarkers (ferric reducing ability of saliva/serum—FRAS/FRAP, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity—CUPRAC, the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity—TEAC, uric acid, and advanced oxidation protein products—AOPP) in the saliva and serum of horses, to assess their changes in the different ulcer gastric diseases (squamous—ESGD and glandular—EGGD) and CIE, and to evaluate their relationship with serum amyloid A (SAA), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) status. The assays showed a low imprecision and good linearity with enough sensitivity in both fluids. In EGGD, higher levels of FRAS, uric acid, and AOPP in saliva were observed compared to the healthy group, correlating with the salivary ADA levels. Horses with CIE showed increases in uric acid concentrations in serum associated with their SIRS status and outcome of the disease. In conclusion, analytes related to the oxidative status can be measured in the saliva and serum from horses by automated assays, and some of them can potentially be assessed as biomarkers in horses with gastric ulcers and CIE.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Oxidative Status Biomarkers in Saliva and Serum in the Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome and Colic of Intestinal Aetiology: A Pilot Study

Contreras-Aguilar

Rubio

González-Arostegui

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…This is due to various facts, such as its non-invasive and inexpensive collection and composition, that can reflect dynamic changes in the body [ 20 ]. In particular, biomarkers of oxidative status such as total antioxidant capacity (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity [TEAC], ferric reducing ability of saliva [FRAS], cupric reducing antioxidant capacity [CUPRAC]), uric acid, thiol, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) have been measured in the saliva of cows [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in salivary biomarkers of oxidative status in calves at weaning and grouping

et al. 2021

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Background Saliva is being increasingly used as a sample for measuring biomarkers in several species and shows a high potential of use to detect and monitor stress. The weaning and grouping in dairy calves are a particularly stressful time. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate a panel of antioxidant and oxidant biomarkers in the saliva of calves on the day of weaning (W0), 2 days after weaning or milk withdrawal (W + 2), and 4 days after grouping (G + 4). In addition, to verify if cortisol and oxytocin concentrations are related to the biomarkers measured. Results Salivary cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) were significantly higher (P < 0.02) 4 days after grouping than the day of weaning and 2 days after. The increases were 50 and 54% for CUPRAC, 93 and 116% for FRAS, 117 and 135% for TEAC, 22 and 49% for AOPP and 10 and 5% for FOX in comparison with weaning and 2 days after, respectively. In addition, oxytocin and cortisol showed significant negative and positive correlations (P < 0.05) respectively with the biomarkers of oxidative status. Conclusions Our results showed that calves after grouping show increases in antioxidants and oxidants concentrations, indicating that a balance between these molecules has been tried to maintain during this stressful situation. The dynamic changes of biomarkers of oxidative status should be explored and characterised in other stressful conditions.

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Changes in salivary analytes in cows due to the in vitro presence of feed

et al. 2022

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Background The effect in a sialochemistry profile of the presence of usually available feed in dairy cows was evaluated by an in vitro experiment. For this purpose, a pooled clean saliva from five healthy dairy cows was incubated five times with a standard feed based on a total mixed ration (F), wheat hay (H), and grass (G). The salivary panel was integrated by biomarkers of stress (cortisol -sCor-, salivary alpha-amylase -sAA-, butyrylcholinesterase -BChE-, total esterase -TEA-, and lipase -Lip-), immunity (adenosine deaminase -ADA-), oxidative status (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity -TEAC-, the ferric reducing ability of saliva -FRAS-, the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity -CUPRAC-, uric acid, and advanced oxidation protein products -AOPP-), and enzymes, proteins, and minerals of general metabolism and markers of liver, muscle, and renal damage (aspartate aminotransferase -AST-, alanine aminotransferase -ALP-, γ-glutamyl transferase -gGT-, lactate dehydrogenase -LDH-, creatine kinase -CK-, creatinine, urea, triglycerides, glucose, lactate, total protein, phosphorus, and total calcium). Results Most of the evaluated analytes showed a coefficient of variations (CV) higher than 15% and/or significant changes compared with the clean saliva when feed was present. Some analytes, such as the oxidative status biomarkers (CV > 80%), AST (CV > 60%), or glucose (CV > 100%), showed significant changes with all the feed types tested. Others showed significant differences only with certain types of feed, such as LDH with F (CV > 60%) or triglycerides with F (CV > 100%) and H (CV > 95%). However, sCor or gGT remained unchanged (CV < 15%, P > 0.05) in all the treatments. Conclusions The presence of feed can produce changes in most of the analytes measured in cows’ saliva, being of high importance to consider this factor when saliva is used as a sample to avoid errors in the interpretation of the results.

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Changes in Saliva Analytes in Dairy Cows during Peripartum: A Pilot Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Changes in Oxidative Status Biomarkers in Saliva and Serum in the Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome and Colic of Intestinal Aetiology: A Pilot Study

Changes in Oxidative Status Biomarkers in Saliva and Serum in the Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome and Colic of Intestinal Aetiology: A Pilot Study

Changes in salivary biomarkers of oxidative status in calves at weaning and grouping

Changes in salivary analytes in cows due to the in vitro presence of feed

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