Changes in rumen absorption processes during transition

Martens, H.; Rabbani, Imtiaz; Shen, Zongzhuan; Stumpff, Friederike; Deiner, Carolin

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.011

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In goats fed 90 g of concentrate per kilo of metabolic body weight, rumen papillae were significantly longer and wider, with a resulting increase in surface area, than goats fed only 20 g of concentrate per kilo of metabolic weight (Shen et al, 2004). In cows, the parturition transition is characterized with welldocumented increases in rumen papillae surface area (Martens et al, 2012); these changes in papillae size were visually confirmed in our study. The most likely explanation for our findings, in light of past studies, is that the morphological changes in the rumen are the main drivers of increases in transport capacity.…”

Section: Transport Capacitysupporting

confidence: 70%

Changes in the Rumen Papillae During the Periparturient Transition in Holstein Dairy Cows are Accompanied by Changes in Abundance of Proteins Involved in Intracellular pH Regulation, But not SCFA Transport

Laarman¹,

Kleinberg²,

Steele³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Section: Transport Capacitysupporting

confidence: 70%

Changes in the Rumen Papillae During the Periparturient Transition in Holstein Dairy Cows are Accompanied by Changes in Abundance of Proteins Involved in Intracellular pH Regulation, But not SCFA Transport

Laarman¹,

Kleinberg²,

Steele³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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“…The decrease in expression of CD45 (a marker of immune cells) after calving is suggestive of a lower relative abundance of immune cells on the epithelial tissue. This effect is reasonable considering the fact that growth of ruminal epithelial tissue mass increases markedly after calving (Bannink et al, 2008;Martens et al, 2012).…”

Section: Gene Expression In Ruminal Epithelium During Transitionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Abundance of ruminal bacteria, epithelial gene expression, and systemic biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation are altered during the peripartal period in dairy cows

Minuti

Palladino

Khan

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Seven multiparous Holstein cows with a ruminal fistula were used to investigate the changes in rumen microbiota, gene expression of the ruminal epithelium, and blood biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation during the transition period. Samples of ruminal digesta, biopsies of ruminal epithelium, and blood were obtained during -14 through 28d in milk (DIM). A total of 35 genes associated with metabolism, transport, inflammation, and signaling were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Among metabolic-related genes, expression of HMGCS2 increased gradually from -14 to a peak at 28 DIM, underscoring its central role in epithelial ketogenesis. The decrease of glucose and the increase of nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate in the blood after calving confirmed the state of negative energy balance. Similarly, increases in bilirubin and decreases in albumin concentrations after calving were indicative of alterations in liver function and inflammation. Despite those systemic signs, lower postpartal expression of TLR2, TLR4, CD45, and NFKB1 indicated the absence of inflammation within the epithelium. Alternatively, these could reflect an adaptation to react against inducers of the immune system arising in the rumen (e.g., bacterial endotoxins). The downregulation of RXRA, INSR, and RPS6KB1 between -14 and 10 DIM indicated a possible increase in insulin resistance. However, the upregulation of IRS1 during the same time frame could serve to restore sensitivity to insulin of the epithelium as a way to preserve its proliferative capacity. The upregulation of TGFB1 from -14 and 10 DIM coupled with upregulation of both EGFR and EREG from 10 to 28 DIM indicated the existence of 2 waves of epithelial proliferation. However, the downregulation of TGFBR1 from -14 through 28 DIM indicated some degree of cell proliferation arrest. The downregulation of OCLN and TJP1 from -14 to 10 DIM indicated a loss of tight-junction integrity. The gradual upregulation of membrane transporters MCT1 and UTB to peak levels at 28 DIM reflected the higher intake and fermentability of the lactation diet. In addition, those changes in the diet after calving resulted in an increase of butyrate and a decrease of ruminal pH and acetate, which partly explain the increase of Anaerovibrio lipolytica, Prevotella bryantii, and Megasphaera elsdenii and the decrease of fibrolytic bacteria (Fibrobacter succinogenes, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus). Overall, these multitier changes revealed important features associated with the transition into lactation. Alterations in ruminal epithelium gene expression could be driven by nutrient intake-induced changes in microbes; microbial metabolism; and the systemic metabolic, hormonal, and immune changes. Understanding causes and mechanisms driving the interaction among ruminal bacteria and host immunometabolic responses merits further study.

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“…Crucially, ruminal fluid pH and SCFA concentration can significantly differ between the dorsal and ventral sacs , potentially explaining the differences in the degree of papillation in different rumen regions in cattle (Clauss et al 2009). Indeed, functional data suggests that absorption of SCFAs in the rumen is determined by the available surface area (Martens et al 2012), rather than cellular changes in particular transporters. At present, the precise level (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UT-B Urea Transporter Localization in the Bovine Gastrointestinal Tract

et al. 2015

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Facilitative UT-B urea transporters play an important role in the urea nitrogen salvaging process that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, particularly ruminants. Gastrointestinal UT-B transporters have previously been reported in various ruminant species-including cow, sheep and goat. In this present study, UT-B transporter localization was investigated in tissues throughout the bovine gastrointestinal tract. RT-PCR analysis showed that UT-B2 was the predominant UT-B mRNA transcript expressed in dorsal, ventral and cranial ruminal sacs, while alternative UT-B transcripts were present in other gastrointestinal tissues. Immunoblotting analysis detected a strong, glycosylated ~50 kDa UT-B2 protein in all three ruminal sacs. Immunolocalization studies showed that UT-B2 protein was predominantly localized to the plasma membrane of cells in the stratum basale layer of all ruminal sac papillae. In contrast, other UT-B protein staining was detected in the basolateral membranes of the surface epithelial cells lining the abomasum, colon and rectum. Overall, these findings confirm that UT-B2 cellular localization is similar in all ruminal sacs and that other UT-B proteins are located in epithelial cells lining various tissues in the bovine gastrointestinal tract.

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Changes in rumen absorption processes during transition

Cited by 39 publications

References 46 publications

Changes in the Rumen Papillae During the Periparturient Transition in Holstein Dairy Cows are Accompanied by Changes in Abundance of Proteins Involved in Intracellular pH Regulation, But not SCFA Transport

Changes in the Rumen Papillae During the Periparturient Transition in Holstein Dairy Cows are Accompanied by Changes in Abundance of Proteins Involved in Intracellular pH Regulation, But not SCFA Transport

Abundance of ruminal bacteria, epithelial gene expression, and systemic biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation are altered during the peripartal period in dairy cows

UT-B Urea Transporter Localization in the Bovine Gastrointestinal Tract

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