Changes in root architecture under elevated concentrations of <scp>CO</scp><sub>2</sub> and nitrogen reflect alternate soil exploration strategies

Beidler, Katilyn V.; Taylor, Benton N.; Strand, Allan E.; Cooper, Emily R.; Schönholz, Marcos; Pritchard, Seth G.

doi:10.1111/nph.13123

Cited by 51 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In temperate and boreal forests, most C enters the soil food web via the roots in the form of labile C compounds, such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids (119,120), with approximately one-third of the plant net primary production (NPP) allocated to roots and soil (121). Indeed, root exudation, water and nutrient uptake by roots, decay, respiration, and physicochemical changes in soil are important factors influencing the composition and function of the microbial community in the rhizosphere, with biogeochemical consequences for the entire soils (46,122).…”

Section: Rhizosphere Bacterial Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Soil Bacteria: Diversity, Involvement in Ecosystem Processes, and Response to Global Change

Lladó

López-Mondéjar

Baldrián

2017

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

461

282

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The ecology of forest soils is an important field of research due to the role of forests as carbon sinks. Consequently, a significant amount of information has been accumulated concerning their ecology, especially for temperate and boreal forests. Although most studies have focused on fungi, forest soil bacteria also play important roles in this environment. In forest soils, bacteria inhabit multiple habitats with specific properties, including bulk soil, rhizosphere, litter, and deadwood habitats, where their communities are shaped by nutrient availability and biotic interactions. Bacteria contribute to a range of essential soil processes involved in the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. They take part in the decomposition of dead plant biomass and are highly important for the decomposition of dead fungal mycelia. In rhizospheres of forest trees, bacteria interact with plant roots and mycorrhizal fungi as commensalists or mycorrhiza helpers. Bacteria also mediate multiple critical steps in the nitrogen cycle, including N fixation. Bacterial communities in forest soils respond to the effects of global change, such as climate warming, increased levels of carbon dioxide, or anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. This response, however, often reflects the specificities of each studied forest ecosystem, and it is still impossible to fully incorporate bacteria into predictive models. The understanding of bacterial ecology in forest soils has advanced dramatically in recent years, but it is still incomplete. The exact extent of the contribution of bacteria to forest ecosystem processes will be recognized only in the future, when the activities of all soil community members are studied simultaneously.

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Section: Rhizosphere Bacterial Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Soil Bacteria: Diversity, Involvement in Ecosystem Processes, and Response to Global Change

Lladó

López-Mondéjar

Baldrián

2017

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

461

282

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“…The response of branch interval to initial proportion of roots in a patch was opposite to that of root number (figure 2b). It has been reported that in nutrient-rich conditions, the number of lateral roots increases and branch intervals decrease [25][26][27][28], suggesting that more lateral roots and shorter branch intervals are two features of higher root proliferation. Thus, the opposite responses of branch interval to root proportion further validate our results about root number.…”

Section: (A) Root Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local root growth and death are mediated by contrasts in nutrient availability and root quantity between soil patches

et al. 2018

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Plants are thought to be able to regulate local root growth according to its overall nutrient status as well as nutrient contents in a local substrate patch. Therefore, root plastic responses to environmental changes are probably co-determined by local responses of root modules and systematic control of the whole plant. Recent studies showed that the contrast in nutrient availability between different patches could significantly influence the growth and death of local roots. In this study, we further explored, beside nutrient contrast, whether root growth and death in a local patch are also affected by relative root quantity in the patch. We conducted a split-root experiment with different splitting ratios of roots of Canada goldenrod () individuals, as well as high- (5× Hoagland solution versus water) or low- (1× Hoagland solution versus water) contrast nutrient conditions for the split roots. The results showed that root growth decreased in nutrient-rich patches but increased in nutrient-poor patches when more roots co-occurred in the same patches, irrespective of nutrient contrast condition. Root mortality depended on contrasts in both root quantity and nutrients: in the high-nutrient-contrast condition, it increased in nutrient-rich patches but decreased in nutrient-poor patches with increasing root proportion; while in the low-nutrient-contrast condition, it showed the opposite trend. These results demonstrated that root growth and death dynamics were affected by the contrast in both nutrient availability and root quantity between patches. Our study provided ecological evidence that local root growth and death are mediated by both the responses of root modules to a nutrient patch and the whole-plant nutrient status, suggesting that future work investigating root production and turnover should take into account the degree of heterogeneity in nutrient and root distribution.

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“…Root system properties have been shown to respond to climate change (Beidler et al 2015;Nie et al 2013), and these changes in root traits might have cascading effects on soil properties and ecosystem functioning. Particularly drought, which is expected to increase in some regions with global climate change, can have strong impacts on soil functioning by killing soil microbes and animals and causing a flush in C and N mineralization upon rewetting (as reviewed by Borken and Matzner 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grassland species root response to drought: consequences for soil carbon and nitrogen availability

2016

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Background and Aims Root traits are increasingly used to predict how plants modify soil processes. Here, we assessed how drought-induced changes in root systems of four common grassland species affected C and N availability in soil. We hypothesized that drought would promote resource-conservative root traits such as high root tissue density (RTD) and low specific root length (SRL), and that these changes would result in higher soil N availability through decreased root N uptake, but lower C availability through reduced root exudation. Methods We subjected individual plants to drought under controlled conditions, and compared the response of their root biomass, root traits, and soil C and N availability, to control individuals. Results Drought affected most root traits through reducing root biomass. Only SRL and RTD displayed plasticity; drought reduced SRL, and increased RTD in small plants but decreased RTD in larger plants.Reduced root biomass and a shift towards more resource-conservative root traits increased soil inorganic N availability but did not directly affect soil C availability. Conclusions These findings identify mechanisms through which drought-induced changes in root systems affect soil C and N availability, and contribute to our understanding of how root traits modify soil processes in a changing world.

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Changes in root architecture under elevated concentrations of CO₂ and nitrogen reflect alternate soil exploration strategies

Cited by 51 publications

References 71 publications

Forest Soil Bacteria: Diversity, Involvement in Ecosystem Processes, and Response to Global Change

Forest Soil Bacteria: Diversity, Involvement in Ecosystem Processes, and Response to Global Change

Local root growth and death are mediated by contrasts in nutrient availability and root quantity between soil patches

Grassland species root response to drought: consequences for soil carbon and nitrogen availability

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Changes in root architecture under elevated concentrations of CO2 and nitrogen reflect alternate soil exploration strategies

Cited by 51 publications

References 71 publications

Forest Soil Bacteria: Diversity, Involvement in Ecosystem Processes, and Response to Global Change

Forest Soil Bacteria: Diversity, Involvement in Ecosystem Processes, and Response to Global Change

Local root growth and death are mediated by contrasts in nutrient availability and root quantity between soil patches

Grassland species root response to drought: consequences for soil carbon and nitrogen availability

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Changes in root architecture under elevated concentrations of CO₂ and nitrogen reflect alternate soil exploration strategies