Changes in risk factors for cardiovascular disease with body fat loss in obese women

Krebs, Jeremy; Evans, Siân; Cooney, Louise; Mishra, Gita D.; Frühbeck, Gema; Finer, Nick; Jebb, Susan A.

doi:10.1046/j.1463-1326.2002.00231.x

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…45 Changes in lipid profile with weight-loss are complex and inconsistent. 7 Triglycerides decreased significantly with weight-loss and this effect was significantly greater in the WLFO vs WLPO group, confirming existing evidence of triglyceride lowering effects of LC n-3 PUFA in a wide range of situations. 20 The effects of fish oil on HDL cholesterol have been inconsistent, but in weight stable subjects appear to cause small increases in HDL, mostly the protective HDL 2 subtype.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Additive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic women

et al. 2006

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Background: Obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are inter-related. Both weight-loss and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) are independently known to reduce metabolic risk, but the combined effects are unclear.Objective: This study examines whether addition of LC n-3 PUFA to a low fat/high carbohydrate weight-loss programme results in greater improvements in inflammation, insulin sensitivity and CVD risk, than weight-loss alone. Design: One hundred and sixteen overweight insulin-resistant women entered a 24-week randomised intervention study. Thirty-nine women were randomised to a weight-loss programme, with LC n-3 PUFA (WLFO), 38 to a weight-loss programme with placebo oil (WLPO), and 39 to receive placebo oil, with no weight-loss programme (control). Results: Ninety-three women completed the study (35 WLFO, 32 WLPO and 26 control), with significant weight-loss in WLFO (10.871.0%) and WLPO (12.471.0%) compared to the control group (Po0.0001). The WLFO, but not WLPO or control group, showed significant increases in adipose tissue LC n-3 PUFA (0.3470.20 vs 0.1770.10 and 0.1670.10 %DHA, Po0.0001). Weight-loss showed significant improvements in insulin sensitivity (Po0.001), lipid profile (triglycerides Po0.05) and inflammation (sialic acid Po0.05). Time * group effects showed significant decreases in triglycerides (Po0.05) and increases in adiponectin (Po0.01) with LC n-3 PUFA, in the WLFO vs WLPO groups. Conclusions: Weight-loss improved risk factors associated with CVD, with some additional benefits of LC n-3 PUFA on triglycerides and adiponectin. Given the current low dietary intake of LC n-3 PUFA, greater attention should be given to increase these fatty acids in the treatment of obesity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…2 In particular, risk for diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) increase with increasing body weight. [3][4][5][6] Modest weight-loss of 5-10% body weight is associated with improvements in cholesterol, blood pressure and insulin sensitivity, 7 known risk factors for CVD and type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic women

et al. 2006

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“…Hamdy et al 10 observed improved FMD following weight loss (B7 kg) on an energy restricted diet and moderate intensity exercise program (60-80% maximal heart rate) with no changes in either LDL-C or fasting glucose. Central adiposity is associated with reduced FMD 5,22 and weight loss has been shown to also reduce abdominal fat. 26 However, studies of weight loss and FMD have not measured body fat distribution and this requires investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Weight loss can lower blood pressure (BP) thus improving cardiovascular disease risk. 5 Although both obesity and hypertension are associated with impaired endothelial function the evidence that weight loss improves FMD is contradictory. There is some evidence that large vessel compliance improves after weight loss 6 but the evidence available for smaller vessels is conflicting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of weight loss on inflammatory and endothelial markers and FMD using two low-fat diets

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disease is strongly associated with obesity and there is evidence that weight loss has positive effects on cardiovascular disease risk. The aims of this study were to compare meal replacements (MR) with a conventional low-fat diet as weight loss strategies and to examine the effect of weight loss on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and other markers of endothelial function in overweight Australians with raised triglycerides (TG) (42 mmol/l). RESEARCH METHODS: Subjects matched for age, gender, fasting plasma TG and body mass index were randomized to two low-fat high-carbohydrate weight loss strategies (both o6000 kJ), one using MR and the other a structured eating plan, control (C). Subjects followed both diets for 3 months. In total, 55 subjects completed the study. FMD, pulse wave velocity and blood pressure (BP) were measured at baseline and at 3 months, as were fasting blood samples for lipids, glucose, insulin, C reactive protein (CRP) and endothelium-derived factors. RESULTS: Mean weight loss was 6.373.7 kg (6.074.2 vs 6.6373.35 kg, MR vs C) with no difference between diet groups. TG, insulin, CRP, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM1) fell after weight loss, but FMD did not change. Systolic BP fell by 8 mmHg and pulse wave velocity improved. DISCUSSION: In subjects with elevated TG, weight loss resulted in significant improvements in cardiovascular risk markers, particularly endothelium-derived factors (PAI-1 and sICAM1). However, FMD did not improve with weight loss.

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“…A more detailed description of the protocol is published elsewhere. 21 Measurements of body composition were made at weeks 0, 12 and later at 24 and 52 weeks.…”

Section: Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of the leg-to-leg bioimpedance to estimate changes in body fat during weight loss and regain in overweight women: a comparison with multi-compartment models

et al. 2006

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Objectives: To investigate changes in body composition and the validity of the leg-to-leg bioimpedance (LTL) method to measure body fat during active weight loss (WL) and weight regain (WR). Design: Longitudinal, 12-week weight loss intervention (3.3-3.8 MJ/day) and subsequent follow-up at 1 year. Subjects: Fifty-eight adult women aged between 24 and 65 years (mean age: 46.878.9 years) and with a body mass index (BMI) X25 kg/m 2 (mean BMI: 31.672.5 kg/m 2 , range ¼ 26.0-48.2 kg/m 2 ) participated in the study. Measurements: Fat mass (FM) was measured at baseline, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 52 weeks using three-and four-compartment (4-C) models, air displacement plethysmography (ADP), deuterium dilution -total body water (TBW), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), skinfold thickness (SFT), tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis (T-BIA) and LTL. Results: At the end of the weight loss programme, subjects lost 9.973.5 kg weight (Po0.001) and 7.670.5 kg fat (Po0.001) but after 1 year they had regained 4.973.7 kg of weight and 3.772.9 kg of fat. The 4-C model showed that FM and TBW accounted for 76.2 and 23.6% of the loss in body mass and 81.8 and 17.7% of the tissue accrued during weight regain, respectively. The estimate of body fat change by LTL relative to multi-compartment models (WL bias72s.d Conclusions: Weight loss and regain were associated with minimal changes in lean tissue as measured using multicompartment models. The LTL system is a useful method to measure body composition changes during clinical weight management programmes.

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Changes in risk factors for cardiovascular disease with body fat loss in obese women

Cited by 24 publications

References 45 publications

Additive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic women

Additive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic women

Effect of weight loss on inflammatory and endothelial markers and FMD using two low-fat diets

Validity of the leg-to-leg bioimpedance to estimate changes in body fat during weight loss and regain in overweight women: a comparison with multi-compartment models

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