Changes in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Elicited by Craving Memories in Abstinent Opiate-Dependent Subjects

Daglish, Mark; Weinstein, Aviv; Malizia, Andrea L.; Wilson, Susan J.; Melichar, J; Britten, S.; Brewer, Colin; Lingford‐Hughes, Anne; Myles, Judy; Grasby, Paul M.; Nutt, David

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1680

Cited by 150 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Moreover, the ACC or DMPFC signal change did not correlate with self-reports of craving, consistent with previous experiments involving smokers (Brody et al, 2002) as well as cocaine (Wexler et al, 2001) and opiate addicts (Daglish et al, 2001). Furthermore, the NON-EXP group had the same cue-related increases in craving as the EXP group and higher average craving reports during the scanning session despite failing to demonstrate any frontal activation to the cues (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effects of Expectancy and Abstinence on the Neural Response to Smoking Cues in Cigarette Smokers: an fMRI Study

McBride

Barrett

Kelly

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

290

239

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Cues associated with drug taking can trigger relapse, drug seeking, and craving in addicted individuals. Behavioral studies suggest that drug availability and withdrawal can affect the individual response to drug cues. Moreover, the importance of subjective craving in cue-induced relapse has been questioned and an alternative model put forward according to which drug cues trigger habitual drug-seeking behaviors independently of craving. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare the brain response to smoking and control videotapes in 20 healthy smokers, while varying their expectancy to smoke and abstinence levels. The neural response to cigarette cues was strongly modulated by expectancy and, to a lesser extent, abstinence. In people expecting to smoke immediately after the scan, smoking cues activated brain areas implicated in arousal, attention, and cognitive control. However, when subjects knew they would not be allowed to smoke for 4 h, there was almost no brain activation in response to smoking cues, despite equivalent reported levels of craving. In the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the neural response was a function of both craving and expectancy. Thalamo-cingulate connectivity, thought to be an index of arousal, was greater during expectancy than nonexpectancy. Our findings confirm the importance of expectancy in the neural response to drug cues, and lend support to the theory that these cues act on brain areas involved in arousal and attention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effects of Expectancy and Abstinence on the Neural Response to Smoking Cues in Cigarette Smokers: an fMRI Study

McBride

Barrett

Kelly

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

290

239

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“…We also found positive correlations between intensity of cigarette craving and relative glucose metabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and anterior insula. These findings are consistent with brain imaging studies of exposure to cues for dependent drugs other than nicotine, in which ACC activation and similar correlations between craving and brain activity have been reported (Grant et al, 1996;Maas et al, 1998;Childress et al, 1999;Volkow et al, 1999;Garavan et al, 2000;Sell et al, 2000;Daglish et al, 2001;Kilts et al, 2001;Wexler et al, 2001;Bonson et al, 2002). While the brain structures that are associated with craving in untreated substancedependent subjects have been described, no one has yet reported the effects of standardized treatment on regional brain activation associated with exposure to drug-related cues.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The finding here of a positive correlation between craving and OFC metabolism adds to the many reports of this association in untreated substance-dependent subjects (Volkow et al, 1991(Volkow et al, , 1999Sell et al, 2000;Daglish et al, 2001;Bonson et al, 2002;Brody et al, 2002). The link between drug craving and OFC activity is the most common association found in this type of functional imaging work, and has led to the hypothesis that the OFC mediates drive and compulsive behavior associated with drug dependence (Volkow and Fowler, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Attenuation of cue-induced cigarette craving and anterior cingulate cortex activation in bupropion-treated smokers: a preliminary study

Brody

Mandelkern

Lee³

et al. 2004

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

138

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In untreated smokers, exposure to cigarette-related cues increases both the intensity of cigarette craving and relative glucose metabolism of the perigenual/ventral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Given that treatment with bupropion HCl reduces overall cigarette craving levels in nicotine dependent subjects, we performed a preliminary study of smokers to determine if bupropion HCl treatment attenuates cue-induced cigarette craving and associated brain metabolic activation. Thirtyseven, otherwise healthy smokers (20 untreated and 17 who had received open-label treatment with bupropion HCl) underwent two 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning sessions in randomized order-one when presented with neutral cues and the other when presented with cigarette-related cues. Bupropion-treated smokers had smaller cigarette cue-induced increases in craving scores on the Urge to Smoke (UTS) Scale and less activation of perigenual/ventral ACC metabolism from the neutral to the cigarette cue scan than untreated smokers. Thus, in addition to its known effects on spontaneous cigarette craving and withdrawal symptoms, bupropion HCl diminishes cue-induced cigarette craving and appears to attenuate cigarette cue-induced ACC activation. These results are consistent with the known effects of bupropion HCl, including its enhancement of catecholaminergic neurotransmission.

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“…In addicts, it is one of the structures, in which activity in response to stimuli paired with a variety of drugs, such as nicotine (Brody et al, 2002;Due et al, 2002;McClernon et al, 2005;McBride et al, 2006), cocaine (Maas et al, 1998;Childress et al, 1999;Garavan et al, 2000;Kilts et al, 2001;Wexler et al, 2001), and heroin (Daglish et al, 2001), is most frequently reported. Moreover, its importance for addiction is emphasized by the fact that surgical lesioning of the ACC can decrease drug consumption in addicts (Sharma, 1974;Kanaka and Balasubramaniam, 1978).…”

Section: Neural Impact Of Begin-and End-stimuli In Nondeprived Smokersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Responses to BEGIN- and END-Stimuli of the Smoking Ritual in Nonsmokers, Nondeprived Smokers, and Deprived Smokers

Stippekohl

Winkler

Mucha

et al. 2010

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Drug-associated stimuli (cues) have a prominent role in addiction research because they are able to provoke craving and relapses. Generally, drug cues are seen as conditioned excitatory stimuli, which elicit drug seeking and usage. However, newer data suggest differential effects for smoking stimuli depending on their stage in the smoking ritual. Specifically, stimuli associated with the terminal stage of smoke consumption (END-stimuli) may evoke reactivity opposite to the reactivity evoked by stimuli associated with the beginning of smoke consumption (BEGIN-stimuli). This fMRI study compared 20 nondeprived smokers with 20 nonsmokers to unravel the influence of smoking-related pictures displaying the beginning (BEGIN-stimuli) and termination (END-stimuli) of the smoking ritual on neural activity in the addiction network. In addition, 20 deprived smokers (12 h deprivation) were investigated to explore the effects of deprivation on the processing of these stimuli. In nondeprived smokers, BEGIN-stimuli reliably activated the addiction network (for example, the ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)). In contrast, END-stimuli triggered a differential pattern of activations as well as deactivations; deactivations were found in the ventral striatum and the ACC. Deprivation had no clear effect on the responses triggered by BEGIN-stimuli, but affected the reactivity to END-stimuli. Our data clearly suggest that stimuli associated with different stages of the smoking ritual trigger differential neuronal responses. While BEGIN-stimuli generally seem to activate the addiction network, END-stimuli presumably have some inhibitory properties. This new finding might add to a more differentiated understanding of cue reactivity and addiction.

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Changes in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Elicited by Craving Memories in Abstinent Opiate-Dependent Subjects

Abstract: The patterns of cerebral activation reflect the different brain regions mediating the salience of opiate-related stimuli and the subjective experience of craving for opiates.

Cited by 150 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of Expectancy and Abstinence on the Neural Response to Smoking Cues in Cigarette Smokers: an fMRI Study

Effects of Expectancy and Abstinence on the Neural Response to Smoking Cues in Cigarette Smokers: an fMRI Study

Attenuation of cue-induced cigarette craving and anterior cingulate cortex activation in bupropion-treated smokers: a preliminary study

Neural Responses to BEGIN- and END-Stimuli of the Smoking Ritual in Nonsmokers, Nondeprived Smokers, and Deprived Smokers

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