Changes in R-R variability before and after endurance training measured by power spectral analysis and by the effect of isometric muscle contraction

Al-Ani, Muzahim; Munir, Samavia; White, Michael; Townend, Jonathan N.; Coote, John H.

doi:10.1007/bf02337719

Cited by 66 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Ageing is generally thought to reduce HRV and the response to autonomic stimulation as a result of attenuated sensitivity to neurohumoral influences (Shephard 1997). Studies with young subjects more frequently report modifications of HRV following training (Al-Ani et al 1996;De Meersman 1992;Melanson and Freedson 2001) than studies conducted on older subjects; the latter also report less homogeneous results (Boutcher and Stein 1995;Loimaala et al 2000;Perini et al 2002). It could be that ageing affects the ''trainability'' of HRV and makes it less sensitive to training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of dynamic resistance training on heart rate variability in healthy older women

2003

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Twenty healthy women aged between 65 and 74 years, trained three times a week, for 16 weeks, on a cycle ergometer, to determine the effects of dynamic resistance training on heart rate variability (HRV). Subjects were allocated to two training groups, high (HI, n=10) and low (LO, n=10) intensity. The HI group performed eight sets of 8 revolutions at 80% of the maximum resistance to complete 2 pedal revolutions (2RM); the LO group performed eight sets of 16 pedal revolutions at 40% of 2RM. Subjects were tested twice before, as control period (-4 weeks and 0 weeks) and once after training (16 weeks) for HRV, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of knee extensors and peak power (P(p)) of lower limbs by jumping on a force platform. HRV was measured using time and frequency domain parameters. Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures was performed on all variables (P<0.05). Results showed no differences between training groups. Following training HRV was not modified, while MVC and P(p) significantly increased. The two proposed forms of dynamic resistance training were appropriate to improve muscle power and strength in elderly females without affecting HRV. More research should verify the effects of an isometric and more prolonged training stimulus on HRV in older subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of dynamic resistance training on heart rate variability in healthy older women

2003

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“…Several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies indicate the association between endurance training and cardiac vagal outXow, as measured by HRV techniques (Goldsmith et al 1992;al-Ani et al 1996;Jensen-Urstad et al 1997;Tulppo et al 2003;Hautala et al 2004;Kiviniemi et al 2006). In athletes, an intense endurance training period results in decreased HRV which is followed by rebound of HRV beyond pre-training level during subsequent lighter training period (Pichot et al 2000;Iellamo et al 2002;Garet et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Despite the large body of studies demonstrating an association between endurance exercise training and HRV (al-Ani et al 1996;Pichot et al 2000;Hedelin et al 2001;Iellamo et al 2002;Iwasaki et al 2003;Tulppo et al 2003;Garet et al 2004;Hautala et al 2004;Kiviniemi et al 2006), none have assessed prospectively HRV measurements as a tool for adjusting the endurance training program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Endurance training guided individually by daily heart rate variability measurements

Kiviniemi¹,

Hautala²,

et al. 2007

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Purpose of this study was to test utility of heart rate variability (HRV) in daily endurance exercise prescriptions. Twenty-six healthy, moderately fit males were randomized into predefined training group (TRA, n = 8), HRV-guided training group (HRV, n = 9), and control group (n = 9). Four-week training period consisted of running sessions lasting 40 min each at either low- or high-intensity level. TRA group trained on 6 days a week, with two sessions at low and four at high intensity. Individual training program for HRV group was based on individual changes in high-frequency R-R interval oscillations measured every morning. Increase or no change in HRV resulted in high-intensity training on that day. If there was significant decrease in HRV (below reference value [10-day mean-SD] or decreasing trend for 2 days), low-intensity training or rest was prescribed. Peak oxygen consumption (VO(2peak)) and maximal running velocity (Load(max)) were measured in maximal treadmill test before and after the training. In TRA group, Load(max) increased from 15.1 +/- 1.3 to 15.7 +/- 1.2 km h(-1) (P = 0.004), whereas VO(2peak) did not change significantly (54 +/- 4 pre and 55 +/- 3 ml kg(-1) min(-1) post, P = 0.224). In HRV group, significant increases were observed in both Load(max) (from 15.5 +/- 1.0 to 16.4 +/- 1.0 km h(-1), P < 0.001) and VO(2peak) (from 56 +/- 4 to 60 +/- 5 ml kg(-1) min(-1), P = 0.002). The change in Load(max) was significantly greater in HRV group compared to TRA group (0.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.2 km h(-1), P = 0.048, adjusted for baseline values). No significant differences were observed in the changes of VO(2peak) between the groups. We concluded that cardiorespiratory fitness can be improved effectively by using HRV for daily training prescription.

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“…Highly controlled aerobic training interventions result in changes in cardiac autonomic regulation, which are manifested as decreased heart rate (HR) and increased vagally mediated beat-to-beat HR variability as evidence of enhanced vagal outflow to the heart (Seals and Chase 1989;Al-Ani et al 1996;Levy et al 1998;Schuit et al 1999;Stein et al 1999;Ueno and Moritani 2003;Tulppo et al 2003). However, the constancy of vagal dominance in cardiac regulation after home-based aerobic training in accordance with contemporary guidelines is not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Aerobic training is a well-established method to alter autonomic nervous system activity, and it results in an apparent increase in cardiac vagal activity coupled with a decrease in sympathetic activity (Blomqvist and Saltin 1983). The changes in the autonomic markers of neural regulation of the sinoatrial node were seen as increased beat-to-beat R-R interval variance represented as enhanced vagal dominance during 24-h measurements (Schuit et al 1999;Stein et al 1999;Tulppo et al 2003) and in controlled conditions among healthy subjects (Seals and Chase 1989;Shi et al 1995;Al Ani et al 1996;Levy et al 1998;Melanson and Freedson 2001;Myslivecek et al 2002;Pichot et al 2002). The results of the present study confirm the previous findings concerning the association between highly controlled aerobic training and enhanced vagal activity.…”

Section: Effects Of a Controlled Training Intervention On Hr Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate dynamics after controlled training followed by a home-based exercise program

Hautala

Mäkikallio

Kiviniemi³

et al. 2004

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Daily aerobic training results in autonomic control of the heart toward vagal dominance. The constancy of vagal dominance after controlled training followed by a home-based training program in accordance with contemporary guidelines is not known. We set out here to study whether the vagal dominance induced by 8 weeks of controlled aerobic training is preserved after a 10-month home-based training program. For the controlled study, healthy men were randomized as training (n=18) and control subjects (n=6). The training was started by a supervised 8-week period with six training sessions a week [45 (15) min each] at an intensity of 70-80% of maximum heart rate, followed by a home-based training program for 10 months in accordance with the American College of Sports Medicine recommendations. Cardiovascular autonomic function was assessed by analyzing HR variability over a 24-h period and separately during the night hours (midnight-6 a.m.). Maximal running performance improved during the controlled training 16 (7)% (range 4-31%, P<0.001) and remained 8 (8)% (range -3 to 23%, P<0.001) above the baseline level after the home-based training program. At night, the vagally mediated high-frequency (HF) power of R-R intervals increased during the controlled training from 6.7 (1.3) to 7.3 (1.1) ln ms2 ( P<0.001) and remained higher than the baseline after the home-based training [7.0 (1.3) ln ms2, P<0.05]. The changes in running performance correlated with the changes in HF power at night (r=0.41, P<0.05) and over 24 h (r=0.44, P<0.05) after the home-based training program. Similarly, the changes in body mass index correlated with the changes in HF power over 24 h (r=-0.44, P<0.05) after the home-based training program. The high vagal outflow to the heart after the home-based training is associated with good physical performance and body mass control.

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Changes in R-R variability before and after endurance training measured by power spectral analysis and by the effect of isometric muscle contraction

Cited by 66 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of dynamic resistance training on heart rate variability in healthy older women

Effects of dynamic resistance training on heart rate variability in healthy older women

Endurance training guided individually by daily heart rate variability measurements

Heart rate dynamics after controlled training followed by a home-based exercise program

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