Changes in postural strategy during exercise against perturbation using the balance exercise assist robot: a pilot study

Itoh, Norio; Tanabe, Shigeo; Hirano, Satoshi; Saitoh, Eiichi; Kawabata, Jumpei; Imoto, Daisuke; Matsumura, Yasuo; Kubo, Toshikazu

doi:10.1589/jpts.29.16

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“… 8 ) The Balance Assist Exercise Robot (BEAR) is the robot that was developed for balance practice, and operated by users’ weight shifting in the standing position. 9 )…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Exercise Load When Using a Balance Exercise Assist Robot

Sasanuma

Sota

Uchiyama

et al. 2021

PRM

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Objectives: The Balance Exercise Assist Robot (BEAR) is a boarding-type robot developed to improve users’ balance performance. However, the exercise load experienced by users of the BEAR remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the exercise load of BEAR users. Methods: Recruited healthy participants were fitted with an expiratory gas analyzer, and instructed to control the avatar displayed on the computer monitor by shifting their weight on the BEAR. Three types of activity (tennis, skiing, and rodeo) were prepared for the BEAR, and the difficulty of each activity had 40 levels. Each balance exercise for each level lasted for 90 s. The BEAR was administered at levels 1, 5, 10, and then up to 40 in steps of 5 for each activity. The major parameters that were evaluated were oxygen consumption (grossVO 2 , netVO 2 ), metabolic equivalents (METs), and heart rate (HR). Two-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test was applied to each level of each activity. Results: Fourteen healthy participants were recruited. For the rodeo activity, netVO 2 and MET values were significantly higher than those for tennis and skiing at level 20 (tennis vs. skiing vs. rodeo: netVO 2 114.0±59.7 vs. 160.6±71.1 vs. 205.6±82.9, METs 1.47±0.22 vs. 1.72±0.37 vs. 1.90±0.29) and higher. Furthermore, comparisons within activity types showed that at level 40, netVO 2 and MET were significantly higher than for level 1. The exercise intensity was found to increase along with the exercise level for all three activity types, with rodeo being the highest at 2.74 METs. Conclusions: The current findings show that the BEAR can be used for balance practice without generating excessive cardiopulmonary stress.

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“… 8 ) The Balance Assist Exercise Robot (BEAR) is the robot that was developed for balance practice, and operated by users’ weight shifting in the standing position. 9 )…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Exercise Load When Using a Balance Exercise Assist Robot

Sasanuma

Sota

Uchiyama

et al. 2021

PRM

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“…Stand-and-ride personal mobility devices, like the Segway Personal Transporter (Segway Inc., Bedford, NH, USA) and the Winglet (Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota, Aichi, Japan), were introduced for use by healthy individuals. Recently, these devices have been applied as posture control exercise tools for patients with balance disorders6,7,8,9,10,11,12 ) . The balance exercise assist robot (BEAR, Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota, Aichi, Japan) system is a training device combining video games with a stand-and-ride personal mobility device (PMD) based on the Winglet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, training using the BEAR system has been shown to improve dynamic balance ability and lower limb muscle strength in patients with chronic stroke9 ) and frail elderly people10 ) . Studies in healthy participants using the BEAR system have described the characteristics of leg muscle activities during three different tasks11 ) and the changes in postural strategy during training against perturbation12 ) . However, the mechanism involved in the training effects of the BEAR system has not been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion analysis of operating a balance exercise assist robot system during forward and backward movements

et al. 2019

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Stand-and-ride personal mobility devices controlled by movements of the user's center of gravity are used for balance training. We aimed to describe the physical activity required to operate this type of mobility device. [Participants and Methods] Eleven healthy males performed the following tasks: 1) moving their center of gravity forward or backward while standing on the floor (control task) and, 2) moving the mobility device forward or backward by moving their center of gravity (experimental task). [Results] We observed that the displacement of the center of gravity and the center of pressure, as well as angular displacements of the hips and knee joints, and maximum muscle activities of the biceps femoris, the medial head of the gastrocnemius and peroneus longus muscles were lesser during the experimental than during the control task. The distance moved by the device was significantly greater than the displacement of the user's center of gravity during the experimental task. [Conclusion] We observed that moving the device forward or backward required lesser physical activity than that required to shift the user's center of gravity forward or backward while standing on the floor. Additionally, we observed that even a small displacement of the user's center of gravity produced a large displacement of the device. We concluded that during balance training, the greater and more easily perceived movement of the mobility device would provide helpful feedback to the user.

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“…Patients with chronic stroke 3 ) and frail elderly people 4 ) showed improvements in dynamic balance ability and lower-limb muscle strength after exercises using BEAR. In healthy participants, a study on physical activity during BEAR exercises described the characteristics of leg muscle activity during three different tasks 5 ) and the changes in postural strategy during exercise against perturbation 6 ) . These two previous studies 5 , 6 ) in healthy participants have focused on movement during the BEAR game task, and did not clarify the user’s movement characteristics while operating the PTAR, which involves stopping, forward/backward movement, and left/right turning movement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In healthy participants, a study on physical activity during BEAR exercises described the characteristics of leg muscle activity during three different tasks 5 ) and the changes in postural strategy during exercise against perturbation 6 ) . These two previous studies 5 , 6 ) in healthy participants have focused on movement during the BEAR game task, and did not clarify the user’s movement characteristics while operating the PTAR, which involves stopping, forward/backward movement, and left/right turning movement. The purpose of this study was to describe the operation method for stopping the PTAR, that is, the postural control of quiet standing on the PTAR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic characteristics during quiet standing on a balance exercise assist robot

et al. 2018

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[Purpose] The balance exercise assist robot is a training device based on a personal transport assistance robot ridden in the standing position. The personal transport assistance robot uses an inverted pendulum control system and moves in response to movements of the user’s center of gravity. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of postural control during the action of stopping the personal transport assistance robot. [Participants and Methods] Eleven healthy male participants were required to maintain a standing position for 30 s; each task was performed 10 times. The measurement conditions were as follows: (1) on the floor; (2) on the robot, touching the handlebars; and (3) on the robot, not touching the handlebars. [Results] During the robotic tasks, the total locus lengths of the center of gravity and total joint momentums of the hip, knee, and ankle joints were larger, and the amount of displacement of the center of pressure was smaller than that during the floor task. Posture control on the robot was performed actively by mechanical interaction of the ankle, knee, and hip joints within a small base of support. [Conclusion] The balance exercise assist robot can be useful for postural control exercises because maintaining a standing position on the personal transport assistance robot required active postural control.

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Changes in postural strategy during exercise against perturbation using the balance exercise assist robot: a pilot study

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Identification of the Exercise Load When Using a Balance Exercise Assist Robot

Identification of the Exercise Load When Using a Balance Exercise Assist Robot

Motion analysis of operating a balance exercise assist robot system during forward and backward movements

Kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic characteristics during quiet standing on a balance exercise assist robot

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