Changes in pore water chemistry of desiccating freshwater sediments with different sulphur contents

Smolders, A.J.P.; Moonen, M.; Zwaga, K.; Lucassen, E.C.H.E.T.; Lamers, Leon P. M.; Roelofs, J.G.M.

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.06.002

Cited by 49 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Sulfides (free sulfide and metal sulfides) may become toxic in an indirect way in these riparian systems, as the aerobic microbial and chemical oxidation of sulfides generates sulfuric acid (Smolders et al, 2006; Lamers et al, 2012). The actual balance between acid producing and acid consuming processes determines whether this acidification (proton production) leads to an actual drop in pH (increased proton concentration in the porewater).…”

Section: Indirect Toxicity During Drought Of Sulfidic Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfide as a soil phytotoxin—a review

Lamers¹,

Govers²,

Janssen³

et al. 2013

Front. Plant Sci.

279

208

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In wetland soils and underwater sediments of marine, brackish and freshwater systems, the strong phytotoxin sulfide may accumulate as a result of microbial reduction of sulfate during anaerobiosis, its level depending on prevailing edaphic conditions. In this review, we compare an extensive body of literature on phytotoxic effects of this reduced sulfur compound in different ecosystem types, and review the effects of sulfide at multiple ecosystem levels: the ecophysiological functioning of individual plants, plant-microbe associations, and community effects including competition and facilitation interactions. Recent publications on multi-species interactions in the rhizosphere show even more complex mechanisms explaining sulfide resistance. It is concluded that sulfide is a potent phytotoxin, profoundly affecting plant fitness and ecosystem functioning in the full range of wetland types including coastal systems, and at several levels. Traditional toxicity testing including hydroponic approaches generally neglect rhizospheric effects, which makes it difficult to extrapolate results to real ecosystem processes. To explain the differential effects of sulfide at the different organizational levels, profound knowledge about the biogeochemical, plant physiological and ecological rhizosphere processes is vital. This information is even more important, as anthropogenic inputs of sulfur into freshwater ecosystems and organic loads into freshwater and marine systems are still much higher than natural levels, and are steeply increasing in Asia. In addition, higher temperatures as a result of global climate change may lead to higher sulfide production rates in shallow waters.

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Section: Indirect Toxicity During Drought Of Sulfidic Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfide as a soil phytotoxin—a review

Lamers¹,

Govers²,

Janssen³

et al. 2013

Front. Plant Sci.

279

208

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Total phosphorus in seagrass tissue was measured on an inductively-coupled-plasma emission spectrophotometer (ICP) (Spectroflame, Spectro Inc.), after digestion of dry plant material with nitric acid and H 2 O 2 (Smolders et al, 2006). Sediment grain size distribution was determined on dried and sieved (1 mm mesh size) samples by laser diffraction on a Malvern (Master 2000) particle size analyzer.…”

Section: Sediment Treatments: Nutrient and Organic Matter Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic effects of increased sediment nutrient and organic matter loading on the seagrass Zostera noltii

et al. 2014

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As a result of anthropogenic disturbances and natural stressors, seagrass beds are often patchy and heterogeneous. The effects of high loads of nutrients and organic matter in patch development and expansion in heterogeneous seagrass beds have, however, poorly been studied. We experimentally assessed the in situ effects of sediment quality on seagrass (Zostera noltii) patch dynamics by studying patch (0.35 m diameter) development and expansion for 4 sediment treatments: control, nutrient addition (NPK), organic matter addition (OM) and a combination (NPK+OM).OM addition strongly increased porewater sulfide concentrations whereas NPK increased porewater ammonium, nitrate and phosphate concentrations. As high nitrate concentrations suppressed sulfide production in NPK+OM, this treatment was biogeochemically comparable to NPK. Sulfide and ammonium concentrations differed within treatments, but over a 77 days period, seagrass patch survival and expansion were impaired by all additions compared to the control treatment.Expansion decreased at porewater ammonium concentrations >2000 mol L -1 .Mother patch biomass was not affected by high porewater ammonium concentrations as a result of its detoxification by higher seagrass densities. Sulfide 2 concentrations >1000 mol L -1 were toxic to both patch expansion and mother patch. We conclude that patch survival and expansion are constrained at high loads of nutrients or organic matter as a result of porewater ammonium or sulfide toxicity.

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“…A considerable body of literature has examined the mechanisms governing sediment-water exchange of nutrients, including the influence of factors such as redox state (Boström et al, 1982), temperature (Jensen and Andersen, 1992;Steinman et al, 2009), pH (Lucassen et al, 2005), sulfur (Smolders et al, 2006) bioturbation (MermillodBlondin, 2011, and duration of desiccation and re-inundation (Olila et al, 1997). Our experimental design in the current study, involving a long-term desiccation followed by a short-term re-inundation, has been shown previously to result in a burst of decomposition, mineralization, …”

Section: Nutrient Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%