Changes in plot-scale runoff generation processes from the spring–summer transition period to the summer months in a permafrost-dominated catchment

Xiao, Xiong; Zhang, Fan; Che, Tao; Shi, Xiaonan; Zeng, Chen; Wang, Guanxing

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124966

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In the multiple‐peak model, temperature acted indirectly on runoff processes, mainly through direct effects on pre‐event catchment state. A similar indirect temperature effect was observed in runoff generation processes from the spring–summer transition period to the summer months in a catchment on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau by Xiao et al (2020), who also developed SEM based on runoff generation processes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Wang et al (2009) showed that the runoff coefficients of streamflow were 0.6 from May to June in a permafrost watershed on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Xiao et al (2020) reported that the average runoff coefficients of runoff plots on the Plateau during the spring–summer transition period, from mid‐May to early June, were relatively high at 1.7. The results of this study were consistent with the above‐mentioned studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the hydrological regime based on the runoff events in a mountainous catchment with seasonally frozen soil in the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau

Lin

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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Seasonal thawing of frozen soil will significantly affect the hydrological regime, water storage capacity and ecosystem services in the future, which contributes to the uncertainty of regional water resources. However, based on the scale of runoff events, the mechanism of seasonal frozen soil thawing on the hydrological regime are still unclear. In this study, we systematically analysed the runoff characteristics and interactive effects of environmental factors and pre-event catchment state on runoff processes based on the runoff event scale, using data sets of air temperature, precipitation, runoff, soil moisture, and soil temperature observed in a mountainous catchment with seasonally frozen soil distribution on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 2010 to 2019. It was found that the event runoff coefficient did not increase significantly with the increase of precipitation. Event runoff coefficients exhibited strong seasonality. The catchment exhibited a gradual increase in the event runoff coefficient with increasing pre-event baseflow and antecedent soil moisture, especially during stable period (August to November). Event runoff generation through infiltration excess as the result of intensive rainfall seemed to be only possible in the stable period, while heavy precipitation events were common during this period. Normalized event peak discharge and event runoff coefficient showed positive trends with changes in pre-event catchment state indicators, which were commonly observed phenomena in runoff events. For this catchment, the increased storage capacity pre-event saturation may be the main mechanism of event runoff generation, as it was unlikely that a single precipitation event would lead to catchment saturation. Soil temperature affects runoff processes through both direct effects on runoff processes and indirect effects on pre-event catchment state. Temperature indicators were the most important predictors of runoff changes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the hydrological regime based on the runoff events in a mountainous catchment with seasonally frozen soil in the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau

Lin

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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“…In cold regions, to the best of our knowledge, only Xiao et al. (2020) and G. R. Hu et al. (2020) have directly observed SSF processes on the QTP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Xiao et al. (2020) showed that the average SSF ratio is 1.7 during the spring‐summer transition period and decreases to 0.5 in summer. Unfortunately, the annual and seasonal flow patterns of the runoff (both SSF and OF) under FT cycles require further diagnosis and identification via more intense and long‐term field observations in cold regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Spatiotemporal Patterns of Hillslope Subsurface Flow in an Alpine Critical Zone on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Based on Three‐Year, High‐Resolution Field Observations

Yang

et al. 2022

Water Resources Research

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The spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of hillslope subsurface flow (SSF) generation are poorly understood in the alpine critical zone (CZ). Owing to the limitations of observation technology bottlenecks and harsh environments, existing studies lack a holistic and process‐based understanding of SSF generation, particularly for the deep CZ and annual freeze‐thaw (FT) cycle. This study improves the conventional trenching observation scheme and is the first to have successfully monitored SSF processes from the soil to the bedrock layer with high‐resolution from 2017 to 2020 in a headwater catchment of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. The results show that hillslope runoff generation exhibited similar trends over the years while exhibiting distinct patterns across seasons. Spatially, slope aspects significantly affect the runoff amount and ratio. The south‐facing slope is dominated by overland flow (OF, 84.2%–97.0%), while the north‐facing slope is dominated by SSF (88.9%–97.3%). The runoff depth of the north‐facing slope is 11.0 times that of the south‐facing slope. The SSF in the deep CZ accounts for 20.8%–37.8% of the total runoff along the north‐facing slope. Temporally, runoff generation exhibits distinct patterns across seasons. OF exhibits two different patterns, while SSF exhibits five across seasons. Our results indicate that runoff generation in different FT stages should be studied by the time phase. Therefore, we propose seasonal or FT period‐based classification criteria and divide OF and SSF into two and three consecutive periods throughout the calendar year. We suggest that these inferences and observations should be considered in the framework of hydrological models in cold regions.

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“…Upon thawing, the less dense and open voids topsoil will benefit the generation of water path and preferential flow, in turn, increase hydraulic conductivity and infiltration capacity (Halvorson et al, 1998). In spring, the lateral subsurface flow above the frozen layer is the main component of runoff, according to the observation of runoff plot (Xiao et al, 2020), accounting for 99% of the total runoff. When the thawed depth is shallow, the flow path in soil is conducive to the infiltration of soil water and the rapid outflow of subsurface flow along the smooth surface of the frozen layer.…”

Section: Runoff Generation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field experimental study on the effect of thawed depth of frozen alpine meadow soil on rill erosion by snowmelt waterflow

Shi

Zhang

Lei

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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Soil erosion by snow or ice melt waterflow is an important type of soil erosion in many high-altitude and high-latitude regions. The snowmelt waterflow erosion process, affected by soil freeze and thaw, is highly dynamically variable. In this study, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of thawed depth of frozen soil profile on snowmelt waterflow erosion of alpine meadow soil in the spring. The experiments involved five thawed depths from 0 to 100 mm under two snowmelt waterflow rates of 3 L/min and 5 L/min. The unthawed soil or shallow-thawed depth of 10 mm significantly altered the runoff and sediment production mechanism, including a significant delay of the runoff generation time and change of hydrograph and sedigraph. When the soil was frozen, the topsoil was structured with large open voids, to retain water and impede flow. This resulted in runoff generation time that was greatly lagged and soil erosion in the initial stage that was inhibited. The relationship curve of runoff and sediment concentration showed two-stage patterns that characterized a limited sediment supply in the early stage and hydrodynamic-controlled processes in the later stage. The deep-thawed cases ([?] 30 mm) showed similar hydrograph and sedigraph patterns with unfrozen soil condition. The findings of this study provide guidance for the future improvement of erosion model of partially thawed soil. Keywords: snowmelt waterflow erosion; thawed soil depth; soil freeze and thaw; runoff generation; sediment rating curve Field experimental study on the effect of thawed depth of frozen alpine meadow soil on rill erosion by snowmelt waterflow

show abstract

Changes in plot-scale runoff generation processes from the spring–summer transition period to the summer months in a permafrost-dominated catchment

Cited by 24 publications

References 65 publications

Understanding the hydrological regime based on the runoff events in a mountainous catchment with seasonally frozen soil in the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau

Understanding the hydrological regime based on the runoff events in a mountainous catchment with seasonally frozen soil in the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau

Identifying Spatiotemporal Patterns of Hillslope Subsurface Flow in an Alpine Critical Zone on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Based on Three‐Year, High‐Resolution Field Observations

Field experimental study on the effect of thawed depth of frozen alpine meadow soil on rill erosion by snowmelt waterflow

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