Changes in Plasma Calcium, Phosphorus, Lipids, and Estrogens in Turkey Hens with Reproductive State

Abstract

Plasma calcium increased during the two weeks prior to first egg. The increase was in the protein bound (CaB) but not the ultrafilterable (CaU) fraction. Plasma neutral lipids (NL) and low density lipoprotein fraction (LDF, d < 1.006) increased similarly to CaB. Free fatty acids (FFA) had a transitory increase at first egg but then returned to levels not different from those when the hens were immature or in a reproductive pause. Plasma total phosphorus (Pt) increased similarly to CaB. This increase was associated with the protein (Pp) and lipid (Pl) phosphorus fractions. No change was noted for inorganic (Pi) phosphorus. Total plasma estrogen (Et), as estimated with radioimmunoassay utilizing an estriol antiserum, increaed similarly to CaB. Most of the increase was in an unidentified estrogen (Eu) fraction, but a sustained increase was also noted in the estrone (El) fraction. Estradiol (E2) levels did not differ with reproductive period. Simple correlations were calculated between all factors within the stimulatory and laying periods. In general, all correlations except those with diffusible calcium (CaD), FFA, and E2 were positive, relatively high (> .6) and significant (P < .01). The correlations tended to be greater in the stimulatory period than in the laying period. Partial correlations of the three estrogens with the other factors were calculated for the stimulatory and laying periods. The partial correlations of Eu were significant for all factors except CaD during the stimulatory period, but only with FFA, Pp and Pi in the laying period. The partial correlation of El with LDF was significant in the stimulatory period, and for LDF, NL, and Pi in the laying period. Partial correlations of E2 within the stimulatory period were not significant, but in the laying period a significant partial correlation with NL was noted.

Changes in Plasma Concentrations of Luteinizing Hormone, Progesterone, and Estradiol-17β in Peripubertal Turkey Hens under Constant or Diurnal Lighting1

“…Photostimulation induces an increase in plasma LH [10,11] and FSH [10] during the first long-day scotophase following the first long-day photophase. The increase in circulating LH is associated with an increase in the baseline level of the hormone and is followed by an increase in circulating E 2 , from about 0.050 ng/ml to about 0.300 ng/ml, within 3-7 days following photostimulation [9,12,13]. The increase in circulating E 2 is associated with initiation of the vitellogenic stage of ovarian follicular [12,14] and oviduct development [7,9], which last 12-14 days in turkey hens [15,16].…”

“…The increase in circulating LH is associated with an increase in the baseline level of the hormone and is followed by an increase in circulating E 2 , from about 0.050 ng/ml to about 0.300 ng/ml, within 3-7 days following photostimulation [9,12,13]. The increase in circulating E 2 is associated with initiation of the vitellogenic stage of ovarian follicular [12,14] and oviduct development [7,9], which last 12-14 days in turkey hens [15,16]. An increase in plasma P 4 , from about 0.10 to 1.00 ng/ml, occurs over the 4 days prior to oviposition of the first egg [17].…”

Characteristics of Blood Chemical Parameters in Male and Female Quails.

“…In addition, significant inverse Blood chemistry tests are often conducted in veterinary clinics. With the recent needs for investigation of poultry health, there has been an increasing accumulation of data from blood chemical tests on poultry [1][2][3][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

“…Bacon et al [1] investigated the correlations between plasma calcium, phosphorus, lipids and estrogen, and they discussed the significance of these correlations in conjunction with reproductive activities. Thus, investigation of the correlation between blood chemicals as well as sexual differences is needed to clarify the characteristics of blood chemical in quails.…”

Reproductive physiology of the female Magellanic penguin ( Spheniscus magellanicus ): Insights from the study of a zoological colony

“…Determination of the temporal characteristics of egg yolk production in the penguin might also be aided by examining the timing of elevation of other metabolites required for egg formation, including minerals such as calcium and iron which have long been known to be elevated in laying females in response to increased estrogen concentrations (Morgan, 1975;Bacon et al, 1980). Prebreeding plasma biochemistries have been reported for the macaroni penguin, however, the first blood sample for such research was collected no earlier than Day-14 from oviposition (coincident when females returned to land for breeding; Ghebremeskel et al, 1991;Crossin et al, 2010).…”