Changes in Plasma Arginine Vasopressin during Transition from Fetus to Newborn following Minimal Trauma Delivery of Lambs and Goats

Leffler, Charles W.; Crofton, J. T.; Brooks, David P.; Share, Leonard; Hessler, Jack R.; Green, Robert S.

doi:10.1159/000242151

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…By contrast, the arterial pressure of unfed lambs at a similar time after birth was lower (21) or unchanged from soon after birth (17). Perhaps vigorous movement of the lambs within the sling during and after feeding and volume expansion secondary to absorption of colostrum (plasma volume was increased during D4) contributed to the increase in arterial pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, even after cesarean section, lambs have elevated levels of ADH, plasma renin activity, AII, aldosterone, catecholamines, and atrial natriuretic peptide, particularly within the first hour (17,(21)(22)(23). In addition, cortisol levels increase toward the end of gestation (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in proximal sodium reabsorption by D4 could have been due to increased availability of oxygen (Table I), changing hormone profiles (atrial natriuretic peptide, catecholamine, AII, and ADH levels have fallen by 4 5 h after birth) (21)(22)(23), increased proximal tubular Na-K-ATPase activity, or an increase in plasma glucose secondary to feeding (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Renal Function and Blood Volume in the Newborn Lamb Delivered by Cesarean Section

Gibson

Lumbers

1994

Pediatr Res

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To determine the cause of the transient natriuresis in lambs within 1-2 h of birth, renal function and blood volume (BV) were measured in nine chronically catheterized fetal sheep aged 139-145 d before and after delivery by cesarean section. After delivery, sodium excretion increased &fold. This was due to a transient rise in glomerular filtration rate (by 39 + 21%, p < 0.02) and a fall in fractional reabsorption of sodium by the proximal tubule from 63.4 2 2.5% to 53.4 + 3.4% @ < 0.01). The distal tubule failed to compensate fully for this fall, because fractional reabsorption by the distal tubule rose from 35.5 2 2.4% to only 41.6 2 2.2% @ < 0.05). The extent of the natriuresis did not depend on the lamb's initial BV per kg at birth. However, the amount of fluid excreted and the clearance of sodium during a 45-min period within the first 1-1.25 h after birth were approximately equal to the fall in BV that occurred during this time. Thus, most of the fall in After birth, human infants have a transient increase in urine flow rate (1). Similarly, lambs delivered by cesarean section at 139-145 d have a transient natriuresis and disruption of glomerulotubular balance (2). It has been suggested that volume expansion of the newborn, resulting from placental blood transfusion, may contribute to this diuresis (3). We postulated that lambs with larger BV relative to their weights would show a greater natriuresis than lambs with smaller BV per kg body weight. It should be noted that because it was not possible to measure partitioning of the fetal BV between the fetal body and the placenta before birth, it could not be determined whether placental transfusion occurred with delivery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Renal Function and Blood Volume in the Newborn Lamb Delivered by Cesarean Section

Gibson

Lumbers

1994

Pediatr Res

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“…Several reports have shown that umbilical cord [VP] increases at birth both in human infants (22-27) and newborn sheep (12,13,28). Values are greatest after spontaneous vaginal delivery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Values are greatest after spontaneous vaginal delivery. Previous studies showed that [VP] in lategestation fetal sheep averaged <10 pU/mL and increased up to 5-fold during spontaneous labor, with plasma concentrations in umbilical cord blood averaging 10-30 pU/mL (12,13,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasopressin Effects on Lung Liquid Volume in Fetal Sheep

et al. 1995

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The normal switch from placental to pulmonary gas exchange at birth requires rapid removal of liquid from the lungs. Previous reports contend that vasopressin may be important in regulating this process, but this notion derives from studies in which fetal sheep received very large doses of vasopressin that yielded plasma concentrations at least 10 times greater than those that have been measured during normal labor. To study the physiologic effects of vasopressin on lung liquid volume in fetal sheep, we made three sets of experiments. First, we measured plasma vasopressin concentrations [VP] in 15 late-gestation fetal sheep, five of which were at various stages of spontaneous labor. [VP] in these fetuses ranged from <1 (prelabor) to 31 (during labor) pU/mL; postmortem extravascular lung water (EVLW) ranged from 4.5 to 14.5 gig dry lung tissue. In a second series of studies, we measured EVLW in five sets of near-term (138 + 1 d, term = 147 d) twin fetal sheep that received an 8-h i.v. infusion of either isotonic saline (control twin) or AVP (AVP-treated twin) at a rate of -1 (mU/kg)/min. This dose was chosen to mimic [VP] measured in fetuses that had been studied during labor.[VP] did not change in the control twins, whereas [VP] increased from 1.8 + 1.0 to 27.7 + 3.5 pU/mL in treated twins. There was a small, statistically significant difference in EVLW between twins that received AVP and untreated twins (11.9 + 1.8 versus 14.6 + 2.8 gig dry lung). In a third series of studies, we measured net production of lung liquid (Jv) by an indicator dilution technique in 16 fetal sheep that received an i.v. infusion of isotonic saline for 2 h followed by AVP for up to 8 h.[VP] averaged 23.4 t 6.5 pU/mL during AVP infusion. For six fetuses that were studied at I32 d (135 + 2 d) gestation, Jv decreased from 11.3 + 4.7 mL/h during the control period to 8.6 During fetal life, the lungs are filled with liquid that forms as a result of epithelial C1-secretion into the lumen of the developing respiratory tract (1). Rapid removal of this liquid from potential airspaces is an essential step in establishing an effective switch from placental to pulmonary gas exchange at

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Hormonal Influences on Fetal and Perinatal Water Metabolism

Perks

Cassin

1987

Endocrinology and Physiology of Reproduction

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Changes in Plasma Arginine Vasopressin during Transition from Fetus to Newborn following Minimal Trauma Delivery of Lambs and Goats

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Changes in Renal Function and Blood Volume in the Newborn Lamb Delivered by Cesarean Section

Changes in Renal Function and Blood Volume in the Newborn Lamb Delivered by Cesarean Section

Vasopressin Effects on Lung Liquid Volume in Fetal Sheep

Hormonal Influences on Fetal and Perinatal Water Metabolism

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