Changes in pig salivary cortisol in response to transport simulation, food and water deprivation, and mixing

Parrott, R.F.; Misson, B.H.

doi:10.1016/0007-1935(89)90110-3

Cited by 70 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The elevated cortisol levels was thought to be due to the stress associated with introducing the animal to a new group of animals and not to the aggression. Therefore, similar to the findings of Parrott and Mission (1989), the higher levels of cortisol in the young sows may have been due to the stress associated with having reduced access to the resources in the pen, in addition to the stress associated with aggression.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

The effect of management strategies and parity on the behaviour and physiology of gestating sows housed in an electronic sow feeding system

Strawford

Li²,

Gonyou

2008

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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How group housed sows are managed can have an impact on their welfare during gestation. The present study examined the effects of housing management (static vs. dynamic), stage of gestation at introduction, familiarity within the group, and age of sow on some aspects of the behaviour and physiology of sows in an electronic sow feeding system. Eight groups were introduced into either a static or dynamic management system. Within an introduction group, 21 to 23 focal sows were selected based upon their stage of gestation (pre vs. post-implantation), familiarity with groupmates (familiar vs. unfamiliar) and parity [young (1st parity) vs. intermediate (2nd and 3rd parity) vs. old (4th parity and higher)]. The aggression at mixing, aggression at the feeder, injuries, feeder entry order, lying patterns, and salivary cortisol concentrations were recorded. There were no differences in the behaviour or physiology of sows housed in either housing management system, or based upon familiarity. Sows mixed post-implantation were less aggressive (P = 0.01), entered the feeding station later (P = 0.03) and were observed lying in the least preferred areas of the pen (P = 0.001), than sows grouped within a few days of breeding. Older sows were involved in more aggressive encounters (P = 0.04), spent more time fighting at mixing (P = 0.02), and lay against the wall more (P < 0.001) than did young sows, which tended to sustain more scratches (P = 0.07), and ate later in the feed cycle (P < 0.001). A dynamic management system is just as effective as a static management system when certain management criteria are met. Familiarity does not have an impact on the sows during gestation. Stage of gestation and parity should be considered along with the group dynamic as it can impact aggression and access to resources. Key words: Sows, gestation, electronic sow feeding system, behaviour

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

The effect of management strategies and parity on the behaviour and physiology of gestating sows housed in an electronic sow feeding system

Strawford

Li²,

Gonyou

2008

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…The increased weight gain in animals submitted to local anesthesia might be related to the reduction in pain produced by the antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and antimicrobial effects of local anesthesia (RIMBÄCK et al, 1988;SAKURAGI et al, 1998;PERE et al, 1999;BATAI, 2002;CASSUTO et al, 2006). It is well known that the greater the weight gain at weaning, the greater the weight at slaughtering and the greater the profit to the producer LEPINE, 1991;MAHAN et al, 1998;WOLTER;ELLIS, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jugular blood sampling is stressful and invasive and might increase serum cortisol concentration in piglets as reported elsewhere (KLUIVERS-POODT, 2007). Salivary and fecal samples might be used as alternatives for measuring cortisol concentration in pigs instead (CARLSSON et al, 2007;PARROTT;MISSON, 1989), however if one of these sources were used, neither of them would provide information in real time, i.e. it would not be possible to detect the potential immediate post-castration effect of local anesthesia in reducing cortisol concentration in piglets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight gain, behavioral and cortisol changes after orchiectomy with or without local anaesthesia in piglets

Barticciotto

Luna

Lorena

et al. 2016

SCA

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intratesticular local anesthesia on weight gain and behavioral and cortisol changes in piglets submitted to castration. Study design was a randomized controlled trial. Twenty-nine male Landrace crossbred piglets aged 3 to 6 days were used. The piglets were randomly divided into two groups: orchiectomy with anesthesia (A, n = 15) and orchiectomy without anesthesia (NOA, n = 14). Piglets in the A and NOA groups were treated with 0.5 mL of intratesticular 2% lidocaine with a vasoconstrictor in each testicle and 0.5 mL of intratesticular 0.9% sodium chloride, respectively. Blood samples were collected from all animals immediately after surgery and at 3 and 6 days postoperatively for measurement of the serum cortisol concentration. Behavior was assessed daily for 6 days by two observers blinded to the treatment. Weight was measured at the same time as cortisol measurement. Analysis of variance followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test was used to investigate differences in time within and between the two groups. Mean times of six evaluations done for 90 minutes during 6 days of each behavior were compared by Tukey t test. The level of statistical significance was 5%. The serum cortisol concentration was higher immediately after surgery than at 3 and 6 days postoperatively in both groups. Weight gain was greater at 3 and 6 days postoperatively in the A group than in the NOA group. Intratesticular local anesthesia before castration in piglets is technically practical, is in accordance with good welfare practice, and improves short-term weight gain in piglets submitted to castration. Key words: Behavior. Castration. Lidocaine. Pig. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da anestesia local intratesticular prévia à castração sobre o ganho de peso, comportamento e alterações no cortisol de leitões. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualisado. Foram utilizados vinte e nove leitões mestiços Landrace -Large White do sexo masculino com idade de 3 a 6 dias. Os leitões foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: orquiectomia com anestesia (A, n = 15) e orquiectomia sem anestesia (NOA, n = 14). Aos leitões do grupo A foi administrado 0,5 mL de lidocaína 2% intratesticular com vasoconstritor em cada testículo, e no grupo NOA administrou-se 0,5 mL de NaCl 0,9% intra testicular também em cada testículo. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de todos os animais imediatamente após a cirurgia e posteriormente aos 3 e 6 dias após a cirurgia para a medição da concentração de cortisol sérico. O comportamento foi avaliado diariamente durante 6 dias por dois observadores que desconheciam o tratamento. O peso foi medido ao mesmo tempo que o cortisol sanguíneo. Foi realizada a análise de variância, e o teste Student-NewmanKeuls para contraste entre médias. O tempo médio de seis avaliações realizadas por 90 minutos durante 6 dias para cada comportamento foi comparado pelo teste de Tukey. O nível de significância estatística foi de 5%. A concentra...

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“…Elevated ACTH stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex into the blood of stressed farm animals (Hicks et al, 1998). Although many stressors have been reported to increase plasma cortisol concentrations in pigs (Becker et al, 1985;Parrott and Misson, 1989), conflicting results have been reported by other researchers. For example, lower cortisol levels were detected in heat-stressed pigs compared with coldstressed and transportation-stressed pigs, with statistically similar values for cortisol compared with control pigs (Hicks et al, 1998, Sutherland et al, 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat stress upregulation of Toll-like receptors 2/4 and acute inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of Bama miniature pigs: an in vivo and in vitro study

Yong

et al. 2014

Animal

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Global warming is a challenge to animal health, because of increased heat stress, with subsequent induction of immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to disease. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors that act as sentinels of pathogen invasion and tissue damage. Ligation of TLRs results in a signaling cascade and production of inflammatory cytokines, which eradicate pathogens and maintain the health of the host. We hypothesized that the TLR signaling pathway plays a role in immunosuppression in heat-stressed pigs. We explored the changes in the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and the concentration of acute inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-8, IL-12 and IFN-γ in Bama miniature pigs subjected to 21 consecutive days of heat stress, both in vitro and in vivo models. The results showed that heat stress induced the upregulation of cortisol in the plasma of pigs (P < 0.05); TLR4 mRNA was elevated, but IL-2 was reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, P < 0.05). The white blood cell count and the percentage of granulocytes (eosinophilic + basophilic) decreased significantly in heat-stressed pigs (P < 0.05). In the in vitro model (PBMC heat shocked for 1 h followed by a 9 h recovery period), TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression also increased, as did the concentration of IL-12 in supernatants. However, IFN-γ was significantly reduced in PBMC culture supernatants (P < 0.05). We concluded that a consecutive heat stress period elevated the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in PBMC and increased the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. These data indicate that TLR activation and dysregulation of cytokine expression in response to prolonged heat stress may be associated with immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to antigenic challenge in Bama miniature pigs.

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Changes in pig salivary cortisol in response to transport simulation, food and water deprivation, and mixing

Cited by 70 publications

References 5 publications

The effect of management strategies and parity on the behaviour and physiology of gestating sows housed in an electronic sow feeding system

The effect of management strategies and parity on the behaviour and physiology of gestating sows housed in an electronic sow feeding system

Weight gain, behavioral and cortisol changes after orchiectomy with or without local anaesthesia in piglets

Heat stress upregulation of Toll-like receptors 2/4 and acute inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of Bama miniature pigs: an in vivo and in vitro study

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