Changes in Photosynthesis and Respiration during Berry Development in Relation to the Ripening of Delaware Grapes

Niimi, Yoshiyuki; Torikata, Hirotaka

doi:10.2503/jjshs.47.448

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Dry weight then declined to 90% of maximum values by 115 days after flowering. Based on an average daily respiration rate of 1.9 mg CO 2 evolution per berry (Niimi and Torikata 1979) this decline in dry weight subsequent to maximum values around 95 days can be attributed to respiratory loss of accumulated carbon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of potassium and calcium by ripening berries on field vines of Vitis vinifera (L) cv. Shiraz

Rogiers

Keller

Holzapfel

et al. 2000

Aust J Grape Wine Res

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Ripening berries of Vitis vinifera (L) cv. Shiraz can show pre-harvest weight loss at sub-optimal sugar content (shrinkage). This later-age decline in berry weight implies that water loss from mature berries has begun to exceed water inflow from the parent grapevine. Such decrease in net inflow has been attributed to a cessation of xylem flow subsequent to veraison, followed by a cessation of phloem flow into berries during later stages of ripening. We address this issue in this present paper, and show a continuing increase in berry content of both potassium and calcium throughout ripening. We measured changes in berry fresh weight and berry content of potassium (phloem mobile) and calcium (phloem immobile) in fruit on field vines sampled from set to harvest. Berry fresh weight reached a plateau between 81 and 95 days after flowering, then declined to 75% of maximum fresh weight by 115 days. Dry weight maximum occurred 14 days after the onset of the fresh weight plateau. Potassium accumulation was slow preveraison, increased 3.5-fold post-veraison, and continued during berry shrinkage. Calcium content per berry also showed a linear increase throughout fruit enlargement and ripening phases. Assuming both potassium and calcium were entering berries via vascular conduits, our results imply a continuing connection between parent grapevine and ripening berries. Moreover, an abrupt change (increase) in the ratio of potassium/calcium content per berry subsequent to veraison implies that phloem inflow has increased relative to xylem inflow during post-veraison enlargement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of potassium and calcium by ripening berries on field vines of Vitis vinifera (L) cv. Shiraz

Rogiers

Keller

Holzapfel

et al. 2000

Aust J Grape Wine Res

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“…In Stage III, there is a change in color and texture of the berries, a further increase in volume due to ac cu mu la tion of sugar and water, and further increase in ABA con cen tra tion to a maximum at the beginning of the phase before a decrease. Many attempts have been made to describe and explain the mechanisms that control the changes in fruit growth rate, in clud ing hypotheses that developmental changes in the pericarp are linked to changes in seeds or result from competition with vegetative growth (Matsui et al, 1985;Niimi and Torikata, 1979;Novello et al, 1999;Staudt et al, 1986). Several plant hormones may play an important role in the growth and development of grape berries (Brenner et al, 1989;Cawthon and Morris, 1982;Inaba et al, 1976;Niimi et al, 1977;Pandey and Singh, 1989;Tromp, 1989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Developmental Responses of Seeded and Seedless Grape Berries to Shoot Girdling

Zhang¹,

Luo²,

Wang³

et al. 2003

jashs

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The relationship of assimilate supply to grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry growth and development was studied with a seeded (`Kyoho') and a seedless (`Seedless Wuhehong') cultivar. A single shoot girdling between the second and third nodes below the basal cluster at the end of Stage I of berry growth shortened Stage II (the lag phase) of `Kyoho' grape berries by 10 days, and eliminated Stage II in `Seedless Wuhehong' grape berries. Double shoot girdling between the second and third nodes below the basal cluster and above the upper cluster, respectively, at the same time at the end of Stage I, advanced Stage II by 3 days in both cultivars. Normal accumulation of dry weight in the `Kyoho' grape berry is in a double sigmoidal pattern, but it became a single sigmoidal pattern in response to a single basal girdling. The highest percent moisture in berries was at 20 days after full bloom. Rapid changes in berry pectin substances lagged behind those of soluble solids and titratable acidity, and behind the onset of berry softening at veraison in `Kyoho', but not in `Seedless Wuhehong', for which the three processes were concurrent. It is suggested that the slow growth of the berries during Stage II is a result of a decrease in the rate of water accumulation on a whole berry basis and a decrease in accumulation of dry matter in the skin and flesh (pericarp) due to assimilate competition within grapevines and within berries. The relationships between levels of endogenous hormones (IAA, GA3, zeatin, zeatin riboside, and ABA) and berry growth were also studied with `Kyoho' grapes. The results showed that the slow growth of grape berries during Stage II was associated with assimilate competition between the skin-flesh (pericarp) and seeds, and with peak shifts of concentrations of IAA, GA3, zeatin and zeatin riboside. Changes in ABA levels were closely associated with ripening and senescence during late Stage III.

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“…In grapevine, inflorescences contain chlorophyll from bud burst to berry ripening (Palliotti and Cartechini , Lebon et al , ). Some variations in the inflorescence photosynthetic activity during flower development has already been reported (Niimi and Torikata , , Lebon et al , Sawicki et al ). It was demonstrated that inflorescences are able to assimilate and distribute carbon during flower development, mainly to vegetative organs (Vaillant‐Gaveau et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Distinct regulation in inflorescence carbohydrate metabolism according to grapevine cultivars during floral development

Sawicki

Jacquens

Baillieul

et al. 2015

Physiologia Plantarum

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Carbohydrate metabolism is important in plant sexual reproduction because sugar contents are determining factors for both flower initiation and floral organ development. In woody plants, flowering represents the most energy-consuming step crucial to reproductive success. Nevertheless, in these species, the photosynthesis performed by flowers supplies the carbon required for reproduction. In grapevine (Vitis vinifera), the inflorescence has a specific status because this organ imports carbohydrates at the same time as it exports photoassimilates. In this study, fluctuations in carbohydrate metabolism were monitored by analyzing gas exchanges, photosynthetic electron transport capacity, carbohydrate contents and some activities of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, in the inflorescences of Pinot noir and Gewurztraminer, two cultivars with a different sensitivity to coulure phenomenon. Our results showed that photosynthetic activity and carbohydrate metabolism are clearly different and differently regulated during the floral development in the two cultivars. Indeed, the regulation of the linear electron flow and the cyclic electron flow is not similar. Moreover, the regulation of PSII activity, with a higher Y(NPQ)/Y(NO) ratio in Gewurztraminer, can be correlated with the higher protection of the photosynthetic chain and consequently with the higher yield under optimal conditions of this cultivar. At least, our results showed a higher photosynthetic activity and a better protection of PSI in Pinot noir during the floral development.

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Changes in Photosynthesis and Respiration during Berry Development in Relation to the Ripening of Delaware Grapes

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Accumulation of potassium and calcium by ripening berries on field vines of Vitis vinifera (L) cv. Shiraz

Accumulation of potassium and calcium by ripening berries on field vines of Vitis vinifera (L) cv. Shiraz

Growth and Developmental Responses of Seeded and Seedless Grape Berries to Shoot Girdling

Distinct regulation in inflorescence carbohydrate metabolism according to grapevine cultivars during floral development

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