Changes in phloem export of sucrose in leaves in response to phosphorus, potassium and magnesium deficiency in bean plants

Çakmak, İsmail; Hengeler, Christine; Marschner, H.

doi:10.1093/jxb/45.9.1251

Cited by 334 publications

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“…The plants accumulate sugars in leaves when they suffer K + deficiency, but the sugar transport from shoot to root via phloem is impaired in this circumstance. As a result, the root growth is limited because of the lack of sugars, and their R:S biomass ratio is decreased [35][36][37]. Our results in this study showed that the R:S biomass ratio in wild-type plants was reduced when the seedlings were subjected to the LK stress ( Figure 3).…”

Section: Physiological Importance Of Akt1 Inhibition By Atkc1mentioning

confidence: 60%

Potassium channel α-subunit AtKC1 negatively regulates AKT1-mediated K+ uptake in Arabidopsis roots under low-K+ stress

Wang

et al. 2010

Cell Res

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Potassium transporters play crucial roles in K + uptake and translocation in plants. However, so far little is known about the regulatory mechanism of potassium transporters. Here, we show that a Shaker-like potassium channel AtKC1, encoded by the AtLKT1 gene cloned from the Arabidopsis thaliana low-K + (LK)-tolerant mutant Atlkt1, significantly regulates AKT1-mediated K + uptake under LK conditions. Under LK conditions, the Atkc1 mutants maintained their root growth, whereas wild-type plants stopped their root growth. Lesion of AtKC1 significantly enhanced the tolerance of the Atkc1 mutants to LK stress and markedly increased K + uptake and K + accumulation in the Atkc1-mutant roots under LK conditions. Electrophysiological results showed that AtKC1 inhibited the AKT1-mediated inward K + currents and negatively shifted the voltage dependence of AKT1 channels. These results demonstrate that the 'silent' K + channel α-subunit AtKC1 negatively regulates the AKT1-mediated K + uptake in Arabidopsis roots and consequently alters the ratio of root-to-shoot under LK stress conditions. Keywords: Arabidopsis; potassium channel; low-K + stress; AKT1; AtKC1 Cell Research (2010) IntroductionPotassium is an essential mineral element for plant growth and development, and it plays essential roles in many important physiological and biochemical processes in living plant cells, such as regulation of enzyme activation, electrical neutralization, osmoregulation, control of membrane potential, co-transport of sugars, and so on [1,2]. Plant growth and development need millimolar K + in the soil or growth medium, but typical K + concentration at the interface of roots and soils is within micromolar range [3]. Thus, plants often encounter low-K + (LK) stress under natural conditions. Although different plants or different genotypes of a plant species show varied K + utilization efficiency [4], most plants show K + -deficient symptom under LK stress, typically leaf chlorosis and subsequent inhibition of plant growth and development [5].Absorption of K + by plant cells and K + translocation between different tissues and organs in plants are mediated by plant K + transporters and channels [2,6,7]. Over the past decade, a large number of genes encoding plant K + transporters and channels, particularly for Arabidopsis, have been characterized [6][7][8]. These K + transporters vary in K + affinity, kinetics, transcriptional modulation, regulatory mechanism, etc [2,[6][7][8], and they compose a complex system for plant K + uptake and translocation. Among these K + transporters and channels, members of the Shaker K + channel family are well characterized for their potential functions and are probably the most important for K + uptake and transport in Arabidopsis [8] Recent reports showed that channel heterotetramerization is a key regulatory mechanism for K + channels, which was found not only in animals [14][15][16] but also in plants [17,18]. Different kinds of potassium channel subunits may assemble together to form functional heteromer...

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Section: Physiological Importance Of Akt1 Inhibition By Atkc1mentioning

confidence: 60%

Potassium channel α-subunit AtKC1 negatively regulates AKT1-mediated K+ uptake in Arabidopsis roots under low-K+ stress

Wang

et al. 2010

Cell Res

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“…On the contrary, it was distributed throughout the whole plant tissues, especially petioles, under high K. Growth of many plants on limited K supply has previously been demonstrated to lead to large changes, increase or decrease, in primary metabolites; e.g. strong increase in soluble sugars in leaves of Arabidops (Armengaud et al 2009), bean (Cakmak et al 1994a(Cakmak et al , 1994b, cotton (Bednarz and Oosterhuis, 1999;Pettigrew, 1999), gentian (Takahashi et al 2012), soybean (Huber, 1984) and wheat (Ward, 1960), alfalfa (Li et al 1997), sugar beet (Farley and Draycott, 1975), and tomato (Urbanczyk-Wochniak and Fernie, 2005;Sung et al, 2015). However, the information reported from previous studies was mostly focused on the specific tissues such as leaves and roots and mineral deficient conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-specific response of primary metabolites in tomato plants affected by different K nutrition status

Sung¹,

Yun²,

Cho³

et al. 2017

Plant Omics

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As one of the most important mineral nutrient elements, potassium (K) plays crucial roles in many fundamental processes, including enzyme activation, membrane transport, anion neutralization and osmo-regulation, and determines the yield and quality of crop production. In order to better understand and elucidate plant tissue-specific primary metabolic changes under different K nutrition status. Four-week-old tomato plants were subjected to different K nutrition situations: low (0.25 mM); normal (2.5 mM); and high (10.0 mM); and the emerging leaves, fully expanded leaves, petioles, stem and roots were harvested at 15 and 30 days, time points which the external symptoms are observed, after K treatments. Primary metabolites, amino acids, organic acids and sugars, extracted from each tomato tissue were measured with HPLC system. Several interesting findings from this study could be summarized as follows: (1) metabolites showed K-dependent responses, which indicated that the rates of an increase and decrease in low K-affected were 50 % : 50 % ;whereas, 80 % : 20 % in high K; (2) the petioles revealed the most sensitive plant tissue in response to K nutrition status; and (3) metabolites such as glucose and fructose (soluble sugars), malate and citrate (organic acids), and glutamine, asparagine, glutamate and aspartate (amino acids) strongly fluctuated (up or down) by the K nutrition ratio. These findings may contribute to a better understanding and elucidating the tissue-specific biosynthetic patterns and primary metabolite accumulation under different K nutrition ratios, and provide a new strategy for comprehensive information involved in the spatio-temporal metabolic networks

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“…It is also involved in the regulation of carbohydrate export to sink organs and protein synthesis (Cakmak et al 1994;Marschner 2002), hence one of the first physiological signs of Mg deficiency is an accumulation of photosynthate in the leaves (Hermans et al 2004). Mg is mobile within the plant and when deficient is translocated from older leaves to new tissues (Marschner 2002).…”

Section: Magnesium In the Plant Role In The Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium deficiency in citrus grown in the Gisborne district of New Zealand

Morton¹,

Trolove²,

Kerckhoffs³

2008

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is widespread in citrus on the Gisborne plains. Soil-applied and foliar Mg fertilisers have done little to raise leaf Mg concentrations. Data analysis indicates that this deficiency is a result of high ratios of exchangeable potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) relative to Mg in Gisborne soils (0.5:1 and 7.4:1, respectively). Data from the literature suggests that K:Mg and Ca:Mg ratios greater than 0.4:1 and 7:1, respectively, can cause Mg deficiency. Significant responses to Mg by citrus, in terms of yield or fruit quality, are only likely in instances of severe Mg deficiency. Reductions in yield or fruit quality under conditions of mild Mg deficiency, such as are found in Gisborne, are only likely in some years. To increase our understanding of Mg deficiency in Gisborne citrus, future research should quantify the effect of mild Mg deficiency on fruit quality and yield and investigate the use of Mg:K and Mg:Ca ratios in soil samples deeper than the standard 0.15 cm for diagnosing Mg deficiency. further, the effects of soil moisture and rooting depth on the seasonal patterns of Mg, K, and Ca uptake and the effect of manipulating the shoot:root ratio on leaf Mg concentrations need to be understood. Nutrient management strategies for Mg must be developed following an evaluation of the effects of foliar sprays as well as long-term use of different forms of Mg besides kieserite, irrigation, mulching, and groundcover manipulation. Another option for addressing Mg deficiency is to select or breed citrus rootstocks for improved ability to obtain Mg from Gisborne soils.

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Changes in phloem export of sucrose in leaves in response to phosphorus, potassium and magnesium deficiency in bean plants

Cited by 334 publications

References 0 publications

Potassium channel α-subunit AtKC1 negatively regulates AKT1-mediated K+ uptake in Arabidopsis roots under low-K+ stress

Potassium channel α-subunit AtKC1 negatively regulates AKT1-mediated K+ uptake in Arabidopsis roots under low-K+ stress

Tissue-specific response of primary metabolites in tomato plants affected by different K nutrition status

Magnesium deficiency in citrus grown in the Gisborne district of New Zealand

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