Changes in PGE2 signaling after submandibulectomy alter post–tooth extraction socket healing

Abstract

Saliva is very important to oral health, and a salivary deficit has been shown to bring serious problems to oral health. There is scant information about the mechanisms through which salivary glands participate in post-tooth extraction socket healing. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of submandibulectomy (SMx), consisting of the ablation of submandibular and sublingual glands (SMG and SLG, respectively), on PGE signaling and other bone regulatory molecules, such as OPG and RANKL, involved in tooth extraction socket healing. Male Wistar rats, 70 g body weight, were assigned to an experimental (subjected to SMx) or a control group (sham operated). One week later, the animals in both groups underwent bilateral extraction of the first mandibular molars. The effect of SMx on different stages of socket healing after tooth extraction (7, 14, and 30 days) was studied by evaluating some parameters of inflammation, including PGE and its receptors, and of bone metabolism, as well as by performing bone biomechanical studies. SMx increased TNFα and PGE content as well as cyclooxygenase-II (COX-II) expression in tooth socket tissue at almost all the studied time points. SMx also had an effect on mRNA expression of PGE receptors at the different time points, but did not significantly alter osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANKL mRNA expression at any of the studied time points. In addition, an increase in bone mass density was observed in SMx rats compared with matched controls, and the structural and mechanical bone properties of the mandibular socket bone were also affected by SMx. Our results suggest that the SMG/SLG complex regulates cellular activation and differentiation by modulating the production of molecules intervening in tooth extraction socket repair, including the PGE signaling system, which would therefore account for the higher density and resistance of the newly formed bone in SMx rat.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress remodels alveolar bone formation after tooth extraction

“…15,39 Wound healing is a dynamic process. 2 We used the rat tooth extraction model to explore the relationship between ER stress and different bone healing stages. ER stress-related marker p-eIF2α/ eIF2α and osteogenic marker Runx2 expression was higher 14 days after tooth extraction.…”

“…Wound healing is a dynamic process 2 . We used the rat tooth extraction model to explore the relationship between ER stress and different bone healing stages.…”

“…Tooth extraction is a common dental procedure, and extraction wounds are typically left exposed to the oral cavity, in which many microorganisms reside, 1 with the involvement of saliva in oral tissue repair processes, 2 creation of a bony defect, and associated bony and soft tissue changes. Alveolar bone loss occurs after tooth extraction with great individual variation, and bone healing involves many factors, 3 commonly with mechanical stimulation, ageing, inflammation 4,5 and bone metabolic disease 6 .…”

A new target to ameliorate the damage of periodontal disease: The role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type‐1 in contrast to that of specific cannabinoid receptors in rats

“…Recently, Mohn et al demonstrated changes in biomechanical properties in mandibular bone of rats subjected to tooth extraction and submandibulectomy. 49 However, geometric and structural properties were not found to be altered herein either in non-treated EP rats or in those treated with Capz (data not shown), but were lowered in the group of EP rats receiving daily application of AM251 and AM630. Therefore, these results suggest that disruption of CB1r and CB2r pathways, through the performed intervention, leads to evident alterations in structural properties in maxillaries that could soften alveolar bone lessening its mineral content.…”

“…Recently, Mohn et al. demonstrated changes in biomechanical properties in mandibular bone of rats subjected to tooth extraction and submandibulectomy . However, geometric and structural properties were not found to be altered herein either in non‐treated EP rats or in those treated with Capz (data not shown), but were lowered in the group of EP rats receiving daily application of AM251 and AM630.…”