Changes in paleoenvironments in the Atlantic Ocean during Cretaceous times: results from black shales studies

Stein, Rüdiger; Rullkötter, Jürgen; Welte, Dietrich H.

doi:10.1007/bf01829328

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It has to be considered, however, that deepwater conditions were not oxic but rather dysoxic in core 6814/04-U-02, so that PP values may be somewhat overestimated. The result show similarities to average PPs of marginal upwelling sites off NW-Africa (100 -300 gC/m 2 / y) (Stein et al, 1989a;Stein, 1991). The results suggest that organic carbon accumulation has been primarily enhanced by an elevated downflux of organic carbon in a highproductive environment (Pedersen & Calvert, 1990).…”

Section: Depositional Environment-stagnation Vs Productivitysupporting

confidence: 65%

“…A variety of indicators, or proxies, for primary productivity have been suggested, such as accumulation rates of organic carbon, biogenic carbonate, opal flux, and trace elements (Berger & Wefer, 2002;Bralower & Thierstein, 1987;Diester-Haass, 1978;Diester-Haass & Zahn, 2001;Müller & Suess, 1979;Sarnthein, Winn, & Zahn, 1987;Siesser, 1995;Stein, Rullkötter, & Welte, 1989a;Stein, Ten Haven, Littke, Rullkötter, & Welte, 1989b). The percentage of organic carbon that becomes preserved in the sediment is highly variable and depends on several parameters.…”

Section: Depositional Environment-stagnation Vs Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin of marine petroleum source rocks from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Norwegian Greenland Seaway—evidence for stagnation and upwelling

Langrock

Stein

2004

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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Forty samples were selected from Late Jurassic to early Cretaceous black shales of IKU sites 6307/07-U-02 and 6814/04-U-02, located on the mid-Norwegian shelf, for a detailed maceral analysis. The penetrated rocks include the Spekk and Hekkingen formations, which represent major potential petroleum source rocks in the region. It was our first objective to reveal the type of organic material that has produced the source rock potential of these sediments. The results suggest that black shale formation has occurred in two different paleoceanographic settings, i.e. in a "high-productive" and an "anoxic/stagnant" environment, which was supported by inorganic and sedimentological data. In addition, new data for estimating sedimentation rates (SR) gave impulse for using accumulation rates to access the authentic organic carbon flux to the sediment.Organic carbon accumulation rates are relatively low but similar to mid-Cretaceous black shales from other ocean areas (average 10 -300 mg/cm 2 /ka). Supported by redox-sensitive Re/Mo ratios, SR/TOC relationships, and paleoproductivity estimates we suggest that black shale formation in the Spekk Formation has followed largely the conditions of the "stagnation model", whereas the Hekkingen Formation is likely an example for the "productivity model".4. Origin of marine petroleum source rocks ... IntroductionThe geological understanding of the middle and upper Norwegian shelf (Fig. 4-1) has been improved largely by prospective and explorative operations during the 1980s and early 1990s and is summarized in drilling reports and subsequent papers, e.g. by Skarbø et al. (1988), Worsley et al. (1988), Hansen et al. (1991), Leith et al. (1990), Jongepier et al. (1996. Modern insights in plate tectonic evolution, structural properties, sedimentology, paleoceanography, and geochemistry of late Mesozoic strata along the Norwegian shelf, including sediments of commercial importance, are owing to these investigations (e.g. Brekke et al., 1999; Smelror et al., 2001; Swientek and Ricken, 2002; Lipinski et al., 2003; Langrock et al., in press; Mutterlose et al., 2003). Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous fine-grained sediments crop up along the eastern margin of the Norwegian-Greenland-Seaway and adjacent marginal seas (Smelror et al., 1994; Leith et al., 1990; Worsley et al., 1988; Århus et al., 1991; Wagner and Hölemann, 1995; Doré, 1991; Doré et al., 1997; Bugge et al., 2002; Mutterlose et al., 2003; Langrock et al., 2003).Drilling also recovered sediments that are exceptionally rich in organic carbon and provide moderate to very good source rock potential for liquid and gaseous petroleum. We investigated sediments from the mid-Norwegian shelf (Fig. 4-1) that represent major potential petroleum source rocks in the region. The cores are characterized by two major lithological units, including the Spekk and Hekkingen formations (Fig. 4-2). A thick sequence of dark-colored, organic carbon-rich claystones (i.e. black shales) with subordinate silty or calcareous intercalation...

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Section: Depositional Environment-stagnation Vs Productivitysupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Depositional Environment-stagnation Vs Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of marine petroleum source rocks from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Norwegian Greenland Seaway—evidence for stagnation and upwelling

Langrock

Stein

2004

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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“…These black shales are related to a minor positive carbon-isotope excursion [Arthur et al, 1979;Renard et al, 1979]. Hauterivian organic-rich deposits have been also reported at DSDP site 391 (western Atlantic) [Stein et al, 1989] and in the Pletmos basin off South Africa [Brown et al, 1996]. Age control for these occurrences is, however, insufficient, and it is not always clear if they are strictly related to the latest Hauterivian Faraoni OAE.…”

Section: The Faraoni Event Outside the Mediterranean Domainmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Late Hauterivian Faraoni ‘Oceanic Anoxic Event’: an update

Baudin

Riquier

2014

Bulletin De La Société Géologique De France

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Most oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) took place during the middle part of the Cretaceous and the Late Hauterivian probably recorded the first anoxic event within this peculiar time interval. The so-called Faraoni event (~131 Ma) was initially defined as a short-lived anoxic event restricted to the Mediterranean domain. Since its recognition, numerous geochemical studies were conducted on the Faraoni event and new occurrences of this event were suggested outside the Tethyan domain. This paper presents an update on the Late Hauterivian Faraoni event and examines if this event agrees with the definition of OAEs. Le point sur l'événement anoxique océanique Faraoni de l'Hauterivien supérieur Mots-clés. -Evénements anoxiques, Crétacé, Paléocéanographie, Géochimie sedimentaire Résumé. -La plupart des événements anoxiques océaniques (OAEs) ont eu lieu durant la période moyenne du Crétacé et l'Hauterivien supérieur enregistre potentiellement le premier de ces événements. L'événement Faraoni (~131 Ma) a été initialement défini comme un bref événement anoxique limité au domaine méditerranéen. Depuis sa reconnaissance, de nombreuses études géochimiques ont été menées sur l'événement Faraoni et il aurait été vraisemblablement reconnu dans des bassins hors de la Téthys. Cet article est l'occasion de faire le point sur l'événement Faraoni de l'Hauterivien supérieur et d'examiner s'il correspond bien à la définition des OAEs.

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“…Enhanced primary productivity is commonly linked to invigorated upwelling due to changes in wind patterns [Parrish and Curtis, 1982] Leckie, 1989] or volcanic eruptions [Vogt, 1989]. Black shale formation has also been associated with an increased supply of terrigenous organic matter to the oceans, particularly in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean [Jenkyns, 1980;Stein et al, 1989].…”

Section: Climate Model Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of the Mid‐Cretaceous global oceanic circulation to tectonic and CO₂ forcings

Poulsen¹,

Barron²,

Arthur³

et al. 2001

Paleoceanography

190

130

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Abstract. The mid-Cretaceous was a period of unusually active tectonism that drove enhanced volcanic outgassing and high seafloor spreading rates. This intense tectonic activity is coincident with dramatic events in the marine environment, including oceanic anoxic events 1 (Aptian-Early Albian) and 2 (Cenomanian/Turonian boundary), high biological turnover rates, and a thermal maximum. In this study, a series of mid-Cretaceous ocean general circulation model experiments were completed using the

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Changes in paleoenvironments in the Atlantic Ocean during Cretaceous times: results from black shales studies

Cited by 20 publications

References 41 publications

Origin of marine petroleum source rocks from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Norwegian Greenland Seaway—evidence for stagnation and upwelling

Origin of marine petroleum source rocks from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Norwegian Greenland Seaway—evidence for stagnation and upwelling

The Late Hauterivian Faraoni ‘Oceanic Anoxic Event’: an update

Response of the Mid‐Cretaceous global oceanic circulation to tectonic and CO₂ forcings

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Changes in paleoenvironments in the Atlantic Ocean during Cretaceous times: results from black shales studies

Cited by 20 publications

References 41 publications

Origin of marine petroleum source rocks from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Norwegian Greenland Seaway—evidence for stagnation and upwelling

Origin of marine petroleum source rocks from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Norwegian Greenland Seaway—evidence for stagnation and upwelling

The Late Hauterivian Faraoni ‘Oceanic Anoxic Event’: an update

Response of the Mid‐Cretaceous global oceanic circulation to tectonic and CO2 forcings

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Product

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Response of the Mid‐Cretaceous global oceanic circulation to tectonic and CO₂ forcings