Changes in Organic Carbon and Nitrogen of Morrow Plot Soils Under Different Treatments, 1904–1973

Odell, R. T.; Melsted, S. W.; Walker, William J.

doi:10.1097/00010694-198403000-00005

Cited by 107 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…The increase in OC in surface soils may be due to increasing biomass due to change in cropping system (from maize-wheat to rice-potato, rice-wheat/sunflower/ mustard/peas) and addition of fertilizers under high management practices. Similar results were also reported by various other studies [15][16][17][18][19] . The earlier studies reported that OC content was high on surface layers, which decreased with depth due to further addition of biomass in the surface layers [20][21][22] .…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

Impact of Temporal Change of Land Use and Cropping System on Some Soil Properties in Northwestern Parts of Indo-Gangetic Plain

et al. 2016

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Impact of Temporal Change of Land Use and Cropping System on Some Soil Properties in Northwestern Parts of Indo-Gangetic Plain

et al. 2016

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“…These values are slightly higher than those reported previously [62], that ranged 24.5-26.5%. In the present study, …”

Section: Evolution Of Clay Mineralogy Over Timecontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…These values are slightly higher than those reported previously [62], that ranged 24.5-26.5%. In the present study, experimental procedure was optimized to favor sample dispersion and extraction of the clay-size fraction, possibly accounting for the enhanced recovery.…”

Section: Evolution Of Clay Mineralogy Over Timecontrasting

confidence: 70%

Soil Development under Continuous Agriculture at the Morrow Plots Experimental Fields from X-ray Diffraction Profile Modelling

et al. 2018

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Impact of continuous cropping on clay mineralogy was assessed on a collection of unfertilized soil samples from the Morrow Plots experimental fields covering 110 years of long crop rotations. Evolution of mineralogy was quantitatively determined by fitting X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns from four size fractions (50-2, 2-0.2, 0.2-0.05 and <0.05 µm) of the surface horizon (0-20 cm). The mineralogy of the three clay subfractions (2-0.2 µm, 0.2-0.05 µm and <0.05 µm) consists mainly of coexisting illite-smectite-chlorite whose compositions range from discrete illite (in the 2-0.2 µm subfraction) to discrete smectite (in the <0.05 µm subfraction). Mixed layers of similar compositions were used to fit XRD data from all clay subfractions. With decreasing size fractions, both the size of the coherent scattering domains and the proportion of illite-rich mixed layers decrease, thus accounting for the higher cation exchange measured in the <0.05 µm subfraction compared to other clay subfractions. The analysis of fine clay subfractions (<0.2 µm or lower) provided key information and constraints to a complete and accurate description of the bulk <2 µm fraction. Additional constraints derived from chemical treatments (K-saturation and heating) proved to be especially useful to propose a reliable structure model for these fine clay subfractions because of their weakly modulated diffraction signature. Mineralogy of all subfractions considered is essentially stable over the studied period , with the relative proportion of the different clay layer types (illite, smectite, kaolinite, chlorite) showing no significant evolution in the bulk <2 µm fraction. A century of continuous cropping thus results essentially in an increase of fine clay particles (<0.05 µm) and a decrease of the 0.2-0.05 µm subfraction, indicative of clay mineral dissolution and consistent with observed increase of cation exchange capacity with time. The relative proportion of the bulk <2 µm fraction is nearly constant over the studied period, indicative of minimal export of clay phases.

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“…Soil C was shown to be linearly related to the quantity of residue returned to soil (Larson et al 1972;Rasmussen et al 1980). Long-term studies have demonstrated the beneficial ability of crop rotations to increase soil organic matter content and crop production, especially in rotations that include legumes (Odell et al 1984;Johnston 1986). These studies showed that rotations including non-legume grain crops and forage legumes increased organic C and N after several decades of cropping compared with monocultural grain crops produced without manure or fertilizers.…”

Section: Mots Clésmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in soil carbon under long-term maize in monoculture and legume-based rotation

Gregorich¹,

Drury²,

Baldock³

2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

248

154

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. 2001. Changes in soil carbon under long-term maize in monoculture and legume-based rotation. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: 21-31. Legume-based cropping systems could help to increase crop productivity and soil organic matter levels, thereby enhancing soil quality, as well as having the additional benefit of sequestering atmospheric C. To evaluate the effects of 35 yr of maize monoculture and legume-based cropping on soil C levels and residue retention, we measured organic C and 13 C natural abundance in soils under: fertilized and unfertilized maize (Zea mays L.), both in monoculture and legume-based [maize-oat (Avena sativa L.)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-alfalfa] rotations; fertilized and unfertilized systems of continuous grass (Poa pratensis L.); and under forest. Solid state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to chemically characterize the organic matter in plant residues and soils. Soils (70-cm depth) under maize cropping had about 30-40% less C, and those under continuous grass had about 16% less C, than those under adjacent forest. Qualitative differences in crop residues were important in these systems, because quantitative differences in net primary productivity and C inputs in the different agroecosystems did not account for observed differences in total soil C. Cropping sequence (i.e., rotation or monoculture) had a greater effect on soil C levels than application of fertilizer. The difference in soil C levels between rotation and monoculture maize systems was about 20 Mg C ha -1 . The effects of fertilization on soil C were small (~6 Mg C ha -1 ), and differences were observed only in the monoculture system. The NMR results suggest that the chemical composition of organic matter was little affected by the nature of crop residues returned to the soil. The total quantity of maize-derived soil C was different in each system, because the quantity of maize residue returned to the soil was different; hence the maize-derived soil C ranged from 23 Mg ha -1 in the fertilized and 14 Mg ha -1 in the unfertilized monoculture soils (i.e., after 35 maize crops) to 6-7 Mg ha -1 in both the fertilized and unfertilized legume-based rotation soils (i.e., after eight maize crops). The proportion of maize residue C returned to the soil and retained as soil organic C (i.e., Mg maize-derived soil C/Mg maize residue) was about 14% for all maize cropping systems. The quantity of C3-C below the plow layer in legume-based rotation was 40% greater than that in monoculture and about the same as that under either continuous grass or forest. The soil organic matter below the plow layer in soil under the legume-based rotation appeared to be in a more biologically resistant form (i.e., higher aromatic C content) compared with that under monoculture. The retention of maize residue C as soil organic matter was four to five times greater below the plow layer than that within the plow layer. We conclude that residue quality plays a key role in increasing the retention of soil C in agroecosystems and that soils under legumebased...

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Changes in Organic Carbon and Nitrogen of Morrow Plot Soils Under Different Treatments, 1904–1973

Cited by 107 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of Temporal Change of Land Use and Cropping System on Some Soil Properties in Northwestern Parts of Indo-Gangetic Plain

Impact of Temporal Change of Land Use and Cropping System on Some Soil Properties in Northwestern Parts of Indo-Gangetic Plain

Soil Development under Continuous Agriculture at the Morrow Plots Experimental Fields from X-ray Diffraction Profile Modelling

Changes in soil carbon under long-term maize in monoculture and legume-based rotation

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